Homework Chapter 28
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Homework Chapter 28
Due: 11:30pm on Sunday, October 7, 2012 Note: You will receive no credit for late submissions. To learn more, read your instructor's Grading Policy
Current Sheet
Consider an infinite sheet of parallel wires. The sheet lies in the xy plane. A current through each wire. There are wires per unit length in the x direction. runs in the -y direction
Part A
Write an expression for Use , the magnetic field a distance above the xy plane of the sheet.
for the permeability of free space. , , , , , and the
Express the magnetic field as a vector in terms of any or all of the following: unit vectors , , and/or .
Hint 1. How to approach the problem
You will need to use Ampre's law: . The first step in applying Ampre's law is to choose an appropriate Amprean loop. Because you are trying to find the magnetic field a distance above the sheet, a good choice for the Amprean loop is a rectangle of width and height as shown.
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Hint 2. Find
How much current is enclosed by the Amprean loop given in the first hint?
Answer in terms of variables given in the problem introduction. ANSWER: =
Hint 3. Determine the direction of the magnetic field
Above the sheet, in which direction does the magnetic field point? (Be careful that your answer has the correct sign.) Give your answer in terms of the unit vectors , , and .
Hint 1. Direction of a field from a single wire
The magnetic field generated by a current running through a single wire in the -y direction cannot have any component in what direction? ANSWER:
Hint 2. Direction of the total field
From the answer for the field from a single wire we know that each wire generates a magnetic field with components in the x and z directions. In this problem, the magnetic field in one of these directions generated by any wire is canceled out exactly by the magnetic field generated by the other wires. Which component cancels?
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Homework Chapter 28
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Hint 1. A figure
The figure shows the fields due to two wires on opposite sides of a point above the wire.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
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Hint 4. Magnitude of the magnetic field
Because the magnetic field points in the the sheet), the line integral in Ampre's law, direction (above the sheet) and the direction (below
, does not depend on contributions from the
sides of the loop (which run in the z direction). In addition, the current enclosed by the loop does not depend on the length of the sides of the loop. This means that the quantity appears nowhere in Ampre's law for this problem, and therefore the magnitude of the magnetic field does not vary as a function of height above or below the sheet. By symmetry, the magnitude of the magnetic field also does not vary as a function of xy position. (Because the sheet is infinite, any xy point above the sheet is equivalent to every other.) Following this line of reasoning we conclude that the magnitude of the magnetic field everywhere outside the sheet. is constant
Hint 5. Evaluate
What is the value of Use evaluated around the Amprean loop shown in the figure?
for the (constant) magnitude of the magnetic field.
ANSWER: =
ANSWER: =
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Correct
This equation is analogous to calculated is . The electric field, though, points along the perpendicular to the surface. Do you see why you had to pick the rean loop you used? That is, why would any other loop not have worked. Did you notice that by using Ampre's law you could find the field by using a much simpler integral than Biot-Savart's law? The drawback is that you may not always be able to find a convenient loop in situations where the current distribution is more complicated. on either side of a infinitely charged sheet. The correspondence . Then the magnetic field you just seems more obvious if you set the current per unit length
Exercise 28.7
Figure shows two point charges, and , moving relative to an observer at point P. Suppose that the lower charge is actually negative, with .
Part A
Find the magnitude of the magnetic field produced by the two charges at point P if Express your answer in terms of the variables , ANSWER: , , and appropriate constants. .
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Correct
Part B
What is its direction? ANSWER: out of the page into the page no field
Correct
Part C
Find the magnitude of the magnetic field produced by the two charges at point Express your answer in terms of the variables , ANSWER: 0 , if .
, and appropriate constants.
Correct
Part D
What is its direction? ANSWER: out of the page into the page no field
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Correct
Part E
Find the magnitude of the magnetic field produced by the two charges at point Express your answer in terms of the variables , ANSWER: , if .
, and appropriate constants.
Correct
Part F
What is its direction? ANSWER: out of the page into the page no field
Correct
Part G
Find the direction of the magnetic force that ANSWER: upward downward exerts on .
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Part H
Find the direction of the magnetic force that ANSWER: upward downward exerts on .
Correct
Part I
If , what is the ratio of the magnitude of the magnetic force acting on each charge
to that of the Coulomb force acting on each charge? ANSWER: = 1.00106
Correct
Exercise 28.10
A long, straight wire, carrying a current of 200 , runs through a cubical wooden box, entering and leaving through holes in the centers of opposite faces (see the figure ). The length of each side of the box is 20.0 . Consider an element of the wire 0.100 long at the center of the box. (Note: Assume that is small in comparison to
the distances from the current element to the points where the magnetic field is to be calculated.)
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Part A
Compute the magnitude ANSWER: = 2.00106 of the magnetic field produced by this element at the point a. Point a is at the centers of the face of the cube.
Correct
Part B
Compute the magnitude midpoint of one edge. ANSWER: = 7.05107 of the magnetic field produced by this element at the point b. Point b is at the
Correct
Part C
Compute the magnitude ANSWER: = 2.00106 of the magnetic field produced by this element at the point c. Point c is at the centers of the face of the cube.
Correct
Part D
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Homework Chapter 28 Compute the magnitude ANSWER: = 0
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centers of the face of the cube.
Correct
Part E
Compute the magnitude corner. ANSWER: = 5.45107 of the magnetic field produced by this element at the point e. Point e is at a
Correct
Exercise 28.13
A wire carrying a 29.0 3.00 current bends through a right angle. Consider two 2.00 segments of wire, each from the bend (the figure ).
Part A
Find the magnitude of the magnetic field these two segments produce at point them. , which is midway between
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Homework Chapter 28 ANSWER: = 1.82105
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Correct
Part B
Find the direction of the magnetic field at point ANSWER: into the page out of the page .
Correct
Exercise 28.15: The Magnetic Field from a Lightning Bolt
Lightning bolts can carry currents up to approximately 20 very long, straight wire. . We can model such a current as the equivalent of a
Part A
If you were unfortunate enough to be 4.5 you experience? Express your answer using two significant figures. ANSWER: = 8.9104 away from such a lightning bolt, how large a magnetic field would
Correct
Part B
How does this field ( ) compare to one ( ) you would experience by being 4.5 from a long, straight
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Homework Chapter 28 household current of 10 ?
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Express your answer using two significant figures. ANSWER: = 20
Correct
Exercise 28.28
Three parallel wires each carry current wires is . in the directions shown in the figure. The separation between adjacent
Part A
Calculate the magnitude of the net magnetic force per unit length on the top wire. Express your answer in terms of the variables , ANSWER: , and appropriate constants.
Correct
Part B
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Homework Chapter 28 What is its direction? ANSWER: Upward Downward The force iz zero
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Correct
Part C
Calculate the magnitude of the net magnetic force per unit length on the middle wire. Express your answer in terms of the variables , ANSWER: 0 , and appropriate constants.
Correct
Part D
What is its direction? ANSWER: Upward Downward The force iz zero
Correct
Part E
Calculate the magnitude of the net magnetic force per unit length on the bottom wire. Express your answer in terms of the variables , , and appropriate constants.
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Homework Chapter 28 ANSWER:
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Part F
What is its direction? ANSWER: Upward Downward The force iz zero
Correct
Exercise 28.44
A toroidal solenoid (see the figure ) has inner radius 14.1 and outer radius 19.5 . The solenoid has 230 turns and carries a current of 7.00 .
Part A
What is the magnitude of the magnetic field at 10.0 ANSWER: = 0 from the center of the torus?
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Part B
What is the magnitude of the magnetic field at 16.5 ANSWER: = 1.95103 from the center of the torus?
Correct
Part C
What is the magnitude of the magnetic field at 20.0 ANSWER: = 0 from the center of the torus?
Correct
Force between an Infinitely Long Wire and a Square Loop
A square loop of wire with side length an infinite wire carrying a current carries a current . The center of the loop is located a distance from . The infinite wire and loop are in the same plane; two sides of the square loop
are parallel to the wire and two are perpendicular as shown.
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Part A
What is the magnitude, , of the net force on the loop? , , , , and .
Express the force in terms of
Hint 1. How to approach the problem
You need to find the total force as the sum of the forces on each straight segment of the wire loop. You'll save some work if you think ahead of time about which forces might cancel.
Hint 2. Determine the direction of force
Which of the following diagrams correctly indicates the direction of the force on each individual line segment?
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Hint 1. Direction of the magnetic field
In the region of the loop, the magnetic field points into the plane of the paper (by the right-hand rule).
Hint 2. Formula for the force on a current-carrying conductor
The magnetic force on a straight wire segment of length , carrying a current magnetic field along its length, is , where is a vector along the wire in the direction of the current. with a uniform
ANSWER: a b c d
Hint 3. Determine the magnitude of force
Which of the following diagrams correctly indicates the relative magnitudes of the forces on the parallel wire segments?
Hint 1. Find the magnetic field due to the wire
What is the magnitude, , of the wire's magnetic field as a function of perpendicular distance
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Homework Chapter 28 from the wire, .
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Express the magnetic field magnitude in terms of
, and
Hint 1. Ampre's law
Use Ampre's law to obtain the magnetic field. Ampre's law states that , where the line integral can be done around any closed loop.
ANSWER: =
ANSWER: a b c d
Hint 4. Find the force on the section of the loop closest to the wire
What is the magnitude of the force from it? Express your answer in terms of , , , , and . on the section of the loop closest to the wire, that is, a distance
Hint 1. Formula for the force on a current-carrying conductor
The magnetic force on a straight wire segment of length , carrying a current magnetic field along its length, is , where is a vector along the wire in the direction of the current. with a uniform
Hint 2. Find the magnetic field due to the wire
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Homework Chapter 28 What is the magnitude, from the wire, .
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Express the magnetic field magnitude in terms of
, and
Hint 1. Ampre's law
Use Ampre's law to obtain the magnetic field. Ampre's law states that , where the line integral can be done around any closed loop.
ANSWER: =
ANSWER: =
Hint 5. Find the magnetic field due to the wire
What is the magnitude, wire, . Express the magnetic field magnitude in terms of , , and . , of the wire's magnetic field as a function of perpendicular distance from the
Hint 1. Ampre's law
Use Ampre's law to obtain the magnetic field. Ampre's law states that , where the line integral can be done around any closed loop.
ANSWER: =
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Homework Chapter 28 ANSWER: =
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Part B
The magnetic moment of a current loop is defined as the vector whose magnitude equals the area of the ), and whose direction is perpendicular to the , of the force on the loop from Part A in terms of the loop times the magnitude of the current flowing in it ( plane in which the current flows. Find the magnitude, magnitude of its magnetic moment. Express ANSWER: = in terms of , , , , and .
Correct
The direction of the net force would be reversed if the direction of the current in either the wire or the loop were reversed. The general result is that "like currents" (i.e., currents in the same direction) attract each other (or, more correctly, cause the wires to attract each other), whereas oppositely directed currents repel. Here, since the like currents were closer to each other than the unlike ones, the net force was attractive. The corresponding situation for an electric dipole is shown in the figure below.
Magnetic Field inside a Very Long Solenoid
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Homework Chapter 28 Learning Goal:
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To apply Ampre's law to find the magnetic field inside an infinite solenoid. In this problem we will apply Ampre's law, written , to calculate the magnetic field inside a very long solenoid (only a relatively short segment of the solenoid is shown in the pictures). The solenoid has length , diameter , and turns per unit length with each carrying current . It is usual to assume that the component of the current along the z axis is negligible. (This may be assured by winding two layers of closely spaced wires that spiral in opposite directions.) From symmetry considerations it is possible to show that far from the ends of the solenoid, the magnetic field is axial.
Part A
Which figure shows the loop that the must be used as the Amprean loop for finding solenoid? for inside the
Hint 1. Choice of path for loop integral
Which of the following choices are a requirement of the Amprean loop that would allow you to use Ampre's law to find ?
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a. The path must pass through the point
. is constant along large parts of
b. The path must have enough symmetry so that it. c. The path must be a circle. ANSWER: a only a and b a and c b and c
ANSWER: A B C D
Correct
Part B
Assume that loop B (in the Part A figure) has length along (the direction). What is the loop integral in
Ampre's law? Assume that the top end of the loop is very far from the solenoid (even though it may not look like it in the figure), so that the field there is assumed to be small and can be ignored. Express your answer in terms of ANSWER: = , , and other quantities given in the introduction.
Correct
Part C
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Homework Chapter 28 What physical property does the symbol ANSWER:
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The current along the path in the same direction as the magnetic field The current in the path in the opposite direction from the magnetic field The total current passing through the Amprean loop in either direction The net current through the Amprean loop
Correct
The positive direction of the line integral and the positive direction for the current are related by the right-hand rule: Wrap your right-hand fingers around the closed path, then the direction of your fingers is the positive direction for and the direction of your thumb is the positive direction for the net current. Note also that the angle the current-carrying wire makes with the surface enclosed by the loop doesn't matter. (If the wire is at an angle, the normal component of the current is decreased, but the area of intersection of the wire and the surface is correspondingly increased.)
Part D
What is , the current passing through the chosen loop? (the length of the Amprean loop along the axis of the solenoid)
Express your answer in terms of ANSWER: =
and other variables given in the introduction.
Correct
Part E
Find , the z component of the magnetic field inside the solenoid where Ampre's law applies. , , , , and physical constants such as .
Express your answer in terms of ANSWER: =
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Part F
What is , the z component of the magnetic field outside the solenoid?
Hint 1. Find the Amprean loop to use
Which figure shows the loop that the must be used as the Amprean loop for finding outside the solenoid? Note: From symmetry considerations, the field outside (if non-zero) must also be axial and opposite to the field inside.
Hint 1. Choice of path for loop integral
Which of the following choices are a requirement of the Amprean loop that would allow you to use Ampre's law to find ? a. The path must pass through the point . is constant along large
b. The path must have enough symmetry so that parts of it. c. The path must be a circle. ANSWER:
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a only a and b a and c b and c
ANSWER: A B C D E
ANSWER:
Correct
Part G
The magnetic field inside a solenoid can be found exactly using Ampre's law only if the solenoid is infinitely long. Otherwise, the Biot-Savart law must be used to find an exact answer. In practice, the field can be determined with very little error by using Ampre's law, as long as certain conditions hold that make the field similar to that in an infinitely long solenoid. Which of the following conditions must hold to allow you to use Ampre's law to find a good approximation? a. Consider only locations where the distance from the ends is many times b. Consider any location inside the solenoid, as long as c. Consider only locations along the axis of the solenoid. is much larger than . for the solenoid.
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Hint 1. Implications of symmetry
Imagine that the the solenoid is made of two equal pieces, one extending from the other from to either is removed the field at to and . If both were present the field would have its normal value, but if drops to one-half of its previous value. This shows that the field
drops off significantly near the ends of the solenoid (relative to its value in the middle). However, in doing this calculation, you assumed that the field is constant along the length of the Amprean loop. So where would this assumption break down?
Hint 2. Off-axis field dependence
You also used symmetry considerations to say that the magnetic field is purely axial. Where would this symmetry argument not hold? Note that far from the ends there cannot be a radial field, because it would imply a nonzero magnetic charge along the axis of the cylinder and no magnetic charges are known to exist (Gauss's Law for magnetic fields and charges). In conjunction with Ampre's law, this allows us to conclude that the z component of the field cannot depend on inside the solenoid.
ANSWER: a only b only c only a and b a and c b and c
Correct
Problem 28.67: Helmholtz Coils
The figure is a sectional view of two circular coils with radius , each wound with turns of wire carrying a current , circulating in the same direction in both coils. equal to their The coils are separated by a distance
radii. In this configuration the coils are called Helmholtz coils; they produce a very uniform magnetic field in the region between them.
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Part A
Derive the expression for the magnitude of point of the magnetic field at a point on the axis a distance to the right , which is midway between the coils.
ANSWER:
Correct
Part B
From part (a), obtain an expression for the magnitude of the magnetic field at point Express your answer in terms of the variables ANSWER: = , , . ).
, and appropriate constant (
Correct
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Part C
Calculate the magnitude of the magnetic field at ANSWER: = 2.61102 if 290 turns, = 7.00 , and = 7.00 .
Correct
Part D
Calculate ANSWER: = 0 at .
Correct
Part E
Calculate ANSWER: = 0 at .
Correct
Part F
Discuss how your results in parts d) and e) show that the field is very uniform in the vicinity of ANSWER: .
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3580 Character(s) remaining
The results in parts D and E show that the field is very uniform because the change in the magnetic field with
Submitted, grade pending
Problem 28.88
A wire in the shape of a semicircle with radius (see the figure ). is oriented in the yz-plane with its center of curvature at the origin
Part A
If the current in the wire is , calculate the x-component of the magnetic field produced at point P, a distance out along the x-axis. (Note: Do not forget the contribution from the straight wire at the bottom of the semicircle that runs from currents at ANSWER: = cancel.) to . You may use the fact that the fields of the two antiparallel
Correct
Part B
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Homework Chapter 28 Calculate the y-component of the magnetic field. ANSWER: =
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Correct
Part C
Calculate the z-component of the magnetic field. ANSWER: = 0
Correct
Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 92.4%. You received 12.93 out of a possible total of 14 points.
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