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This document discusses frequency domain analysis of control systems. It defines frequency response and explains how to draw frequency response from transfer functions. It relates open-loop frequency response to time domain response and explains how to calculate gain and phase margins from frequency response. It also defines bandwidth and discusses using frequency response to predict time domain behavior and assess stability through gain and phase margins.

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Kushal Arora
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315 views19 pages

Document Encoding Error Analysis

This document discusses frequency domain analysis of control systems. It defines frequency response and explains how to draw frequency response from transfer functions. It relates open-loop frequency response to time domain response and explains how to calculate gain and phase margins from frequency response. It also defines bandwidth and discusses using frequency response to predict time domain behavior and assess stability through gain and phase margins.

Uploaded by

Kushal Arora
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Linear Control Systems

Unit 5: Frequency Domain Analysis of Control Systems

Learning objectives
To state the definition of frequency response To be able to draw frequency response from the transfer functions To relate the open-loop frequency response to time domain response To calculate the gain and phase margins of the system from the frequency response To understand the concept of bandwidth.

Closed-loop Control System

To design a controller, it is very important to know the dynamics of the process. The process can be best modeled in frequency domain.

Process

Concept of frequency response: An example


Consider the following circuit where the input V1(s) is a sinusoidal signal, the output V2(s) will also be a sinusoidal signal with the same frequency, but different amplitude and phase shift.

G(s) = Output/input = V2(s)/V1(s)

Frequency domain

Frequency response: Polar plot

Frequency response: Bode plot

Frequency response of second order system


For the second order system below

The frequency response will depend on the damping factors

Frequency response of second order system

Time response of second order system

Relationship between time domain and frequency domain

Gain margin and phase margin

Relative stability in frequency domain: Gain margin and phase margin

Gain margin and phase margin on the Bode plot

Examples

Calculate the gain and phase margins of the following system from frequency response

L(s) =

2500 . s ( s  5)( s  50)

Example (Cont.)

Example (Cont.)

Bandwidth of a system

The bandwidth is the frequency, B , at which the frequency declined 3 dB from its low-frequency values.

Summary

Frequency response of the open-loop system can be used to predict the time domain response of the system. The relative stability of the closed-loop system can be assessed through the notation of gain margin and phase margin. The control system design becomes to shape up the open-loop frequency response.

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