1
1
RAID s available in Linux
RAID 0 (striping without parity)
RAID 1 (disk mirroring)
RAID 4 (parity)
RAID 5 (disk striping with parity)
2
RAID 0
Minimum - 2 Hard Disks
Maximum - 32 Hard Disks
Data is written alternately and evenly to two or
more disks
Read & Write Speed is Fast
Fault Tolerance is not available
3
How RAID 0 works ?
123456
1
3 Disk 1
5
Meta Disk
2
4 Disk 2
6
root
4
RAID 1
Minimum - 2 Hard Disks
Maximum - 2 Hard Disks
Simultaneously data will be written to two
volumes on two different disks
Read Speed is Fast & Write Speed is Slow
Fault Tolerance is available
50% overhead
5
How RAID 1 works ?
123
1
2 Disk 1
3
Meta Disk
1
2 Disk 2
3
root
6
RAID 4
Minimum - 3 Hard Disks
Maximum - 32 Hard Disks
Data is written alternately and evenly to two or
more disks and a parity is only written on one
disk
Read & Write Speed is Fast
Fault Tolerance is available
7
How RAID 4 works ?
123456
1
3 Disk 1
5
2
4 DiskDisk
Meta 2
6
P=1&2
Disk
P=3& 4 3
P=5&6
root
8
RAID 5
Minimum - 3 Hard Disks
Maximum - 32 Hard Disks
Data is written alternately and evenly to two
disks and a parity is written on all disk
Read & Write Speed is Fast
Fault Tolerance is available
Also Known as Striped with parity
9
How RAID 5 works ?
123456
1
3 Disk 1
P=5&6
2
Disk
P = Meta
3& 2
4 Disk
5
P = 1+2
4 Disk 3
6
root
10
10
What will happen ?
New Disk
Disk
Generate
Data
Disk 22 Fails
Data
Generate
Fails
Recovered
Data
Data
Loss
Recovered
Data
Data
Loss
1
3 Disk 1
P=5&6
2
Meta Disk Disk
P=3& 4 2
5
P = 1+2
4 Disk 3
6
root
11
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Steps
Create
Createmultiple
multiplepartitions
partitions
[root@comp1
[root@comp1~]#fdisk
~]#fdisk /dev/hda
/dev/hda
To
Toupdate
updatethe
the Kernel
Kernelwithout
withoutrestarting
restarting
[root@comp1 ~]#partprobe
[root@comp1 ~]#partprobe
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12
RAID Commands
To
Toclub
cluball
allthe
theRAID
RAIDpartitions
partitionsin
into
toaasingle
singlearray
array
[root@comp1
[root@comp1~]#mdadm
~]#mdadm -C -C /dev/md0
/dev/md0 -n3 -n3 /dev/hda8
/dev/hda8
/dev/hda9
/dev/hda9 /dev/hda10
/dev/hda10 -l5 -l5
To
Todisplay
displayRAID
RAIDdevice
device
[root@comp1
[root@comp1~]#mdadm
~]#mdadm -D-D /dev/md0
/dev/md0
To
Toformat
formatRAID
RAIDdevice
device
[root@comp1 ~]#mkfs.ext3 /dev/md0
[root@comp1 ~]#mkfs.ext3 /dev/md0
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13
RAID Commands
Create
CreateMount
MountPoint
Pointof
ofRAID
RAIDDevice
Device
[root@comp1 ~]#mkdir /raid
[root@comp1 ~]#mkdir /raid
Mount
Mountthe
theRaid
Raiddevice
device
[root@comp1
[root@comp1 ~]#mount /dev/md0 /raid
~]#mount /dev/md0 /raid
[root@comp1
[root@comp1~]#cd
~]#cd /raid
/raid
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RAID Commands
To
Tomake
makeaapartition
partitionfaulty
faulty
[root@comp1
[root@comp1 ~]#mdadm -f /dev/md0 /dev/hda10
~]#mdadm -f /dev/md0 /dev/hda10
To
Toremove
removepartition
partitionfrom
fromRAID
RAIDarray
array
[root@comp1
[root@comp1~]#mdadm
~]#mdadm -r-r /dev/md0
/dev/md0 /dev/hda10
/dev/hda10
To
Toadd
addaanew
newdevice
deviceinto
intothe
theRAID
RAIDarray
array
[root@comp1 ~]#mdadm -a /dev/md0 /dev/hda11
[root@comp1 ~]#mdadm -a /dev/md0 /dev/hda11
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15
RAID Commands
To
Tostop
stopthe
theRAID
RAID
[root@comp1
[root@comp1~]#mdadm
~]#mdadm -S
-S /dev/md0
/dev/md0
To
Toactivate
activateRAID
RAID
[root@comp1
[root@comp1~]#mdadm
~]#mdadm -A /dev/md0 /dev/hda8
-A /dev/md0 /dev/hda8
/dev/hda9
/dev/hda9 /dev/hda10
/dev/hda10
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