50% found this document useful (2 votes)
2K views70 pagesSolution Manual Numerical Methods by Vedamurthy PDF
Uploaded by
mudabbir muhammadCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
50% found this document useful (2 votes)
2K views70 pagesSolution Manual Numerical Methods by Vedamurthy PDF
Uploaded by
mudabbir muhammadCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
rl ny
]
| EXERCISE 1.1
The law of machine is P = aW + b, where P is the effort and W, the
load in Jb. Sketch a raph es the relation between P and W,
given
Pp 60 75 100 125 145
Ww 225 300 430 560 600
Find P when W = 500.
Ris the resistance to motion of a train at speed V. Find a law of the
type R = aV?+ b connecting R and V using the following data
Rkgton 8 . 10 15 21 30
V(km/hr) 10 20 30 40 50 EXERCISE 1.1
The law of machine is P = aW + b, where P is the effort and W, the
load in Jb. Sketch a raph es the relation between P and W,
given
Pp 60 75 100 125 145
Ww 225 300 430 560 600
Find P when W = 500.
Ris the resistance to motion of a train at speed V. Find a law of the
type R = aV?+ b connecting R and V using the following data
Rkgton 8 . 10 15 21 30
V(km/hr) 10 20 30 40 50 1.6 Numerical Methods
3.
The resistance R of a carbon filament lam p was measured at various
values of voltage V and the following observations were made.
v 62 70 78 84 92
R 73 70.7 69.2 67.8 66.3
(Ranchi B.Tech 1986)
Assuming a law of the form R = a/V + 6, find by graphical method
the best values of a and b.
+, the co-efficient of frictién between a belt and pulley and v, the
velocity of the belt in ft/min, are connected as shown in the following
table:
v 500 1000 2000 4000 6000 1.16 . Numerical Methods
EXERCISE 1.2
The weights of a calf taken at weekly intervals are given below. Fita
straight line using the method of group averages.
Age in
weeks 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 8 9 10
weight 52.5 58.7 65 70.2 75.4 81.1 87.2 95.5 102.2 108.4 |
2. Fitacurve of the form y= ax" to the following set of observations by
the method of group averages:
x 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
y $06 133+ 152 1.68 1.81 1.91 2,01 2.11
me we a WH Loni aeRO Empirical Laws and Curve Fitting 1.17
Find the best values of a, 5 and c using the method of group averages.
Fit a curve of the form y = a + bx < to the following data using the
method of group averages.
x 1 2 4 6 10 16
y 15 45 165 364 «1004-2564
Fit a curve of the form y= a + bc* to the following data using the
method of group averages.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
13.2 236 448
ANSWERS EXERCISE 1.3
1. A simply supported beam carries a concentrated load P (Ib) at its
midpoint. Corresponding to various values of P, the maximum
deflection Y (in) is measured. The data are given below. Find a law
of the type ¥= a + bP by the method of least squares.
P 100 125 140 160 180 200
¥ 045 055 060 0.70 0.80: 0.85
(Shivaji B.E., 1984)
2. In the following table, y is the weight of potassium bromide which
will dissolve in 100 gm of water at temperature x°C. Find a linear
law between x and y using least square method.
| xCC) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Empirical Laws and Curve Fitting 1.29
By the method of least squares, fit a second degree curve y= atbotex”
to the following data :
fyi 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8
y 2 6 7 8&8 W NN Ta
By the method of least squares, fit a parabola y= a+ bx + exttothe ©
following data.
y 3.07 12.85 31.47 57.38 91.29
(Mangalore B.E., 1985)
Fit an equation of the form y = ae™ to the following data by the
method of least squares. 1.30 Numerical Methods
11. Fit a curve of the form y = ax in least square sense to the following
observations:
(Calicut B.E., 1988)
12. Fitacurve of the form y = ab’ in least square sense to the data given
below:
x 2 3 4 5 6
Yy 144° «172.8 «207.4 = 248.8 298.5
(Karnataka B.E., 1993) Empirical Laws and Curve Fitting 1.35
27.14 = 10a + 30.33336 + 102.5¢
101.14 = 30,3333a+ 102.55 + 369.05
Solving, we get
a= 1.399, b = —1.7856 and ¢ = 0.6567
-. From (i) the required parabola is
y= 1.399 — 1.7856x— 0.6567x7
—
EXERECISE 1.4
1. Use the method of moments to fit a straight line to the data given
below : EXERCISE 2.1
Solve x + 6x + 20 = 0, one root being — 2.
Solve x? — 12x? + 39x — 28 = 0, whose roots are in arithmetic
progression. (MU, B.E. 1995)
Solve x* — 2x3 — 21x? + 22x + 40 = 0, whose roots are in arithmetic
progression.
Solve 272 + 42x2— 28x — 8 = 0, the roots of which are in seam
progression. (M.U., BE. 1994)
Solve x + 15x? + 70x? + 120x + 64 = 0, whose roots are in geometric
progression.
Solve the equation 6x* — I 1x2—3x +2 = 0 whose roots are in harmonic
progression. Numerical Methods
Solve 15x* -— 8x - 14x? + 8x — 1 = 0, whose roots are in harmonic
progression.
Solve x° — 8x? + 9x+ 18 =0 given that two of its roots are in the ratio.
1:2.
The equation x4 — 4x? + px? + 4x + g = 0 has two pairs of equal roots.
Find the values of p and q.
Solve the equation x*— 8x° + 14x? + 8x— 15 =0, given that the sum of
two of the roots is equal to the sum of the other two.
Solve x*— 8x' + 23x? - 28x + 12 =0, given that the difference of two
roots is equal to the difference of the other two.
Solve the equation x‘ ~ 8x? + 7x? + 36x —36 = 0, given that product of
two roots is negative of the product of the remaining two.
Solve x° — 4x? — 20x + 48 = 0, given that the relationship between two
roots, zand f, is a+ 28= 0. 2.16 Numerical Methods
EXERCISE 2.2
1. If @, Band yare the roots of the x° + px + g = 0, then find
(i) Dae (MU. BE, 1994} (ii) Le?f and
(iii) Sat
2. If @, Band yare the roots of + px? + gx + r= 0, find the values of
(i) Ella (i) De
(iii) Tap (iv) © (82+ Byt+ YP
(vy) X(B+ 7- @), and (vi) U (ae + BHB+ Y
3. If @, Band yare the roots of r + px? + gx +r = 0, form the equation
whose roots are
@ @,p4 7? ‘ Gi) @f, fy, ay
(ili) @(B+y), B(y +a), y(a+f) and
(iv) @+ W/By B+ Var r+ Was. 13.
15.
16.
17.
18.
20.
Theory of Equations = 2.17
Diminish by 3 the roots of x4 + 3x3 ~2x?-4x-3 =0.
Diminish the equation x*— 8x + 19x? -12x + 2 = 0 by 2 and hence
solve it. (MU.,, B.E., 1996)
Increase the roots of 31+ 2x’ -- 10x? + 15x-9 = 0 by 4,
Find the equation whose roots are the roots of the eqution
x} ~ 4x? — 3x —2 = 0 increased by 2. . (M.U., BE, 1995)
Remove the second term in x4 — 8x? — x* + 68x + 60 = 0 and solve it.
Diminish the roots of the equation x4 — 4x3 ~ 7x? + 22x + 24 = 0 by |
and solve it.
Increase the roots of the equation x — 2x' — 10x2 + 6x + 21 = 0 by 2
and solve it.
Solve x’ — 4x? + 5x -2 = 0, given that it has a double root. @
ren nw
EXERCISE 2.3
Solve x8 + 4x4 +8 +2 +4x+1=0
Solve Stxt+ +x +2x+1=0
Solve 6x5 + Lx! - 332-332 + 11x +6 =0
(MU, B.E., 1987,1990, 1996)
Solve 2x6— 9x5 + 10x4—3x' + 10x? 9x+2=0
Solve x4 — 2x7 + 3x7-2x+1=0
Solve 2x4+ 7-62 +x+2=0
Solve x*— 10x? + 26x7- 10x+1=0
Solve x4 + 6x3— 5° +6xt+1=0
Solve 6x5 — x*— 43° + 43x7+x-6=0
(MU, B.E., 1986)
(MU, B.E., 1986)
(MU, B.E., 1988)
(LU, BE, 1991) “Se
1d afi
1, ky
3. - 1,2, 1/2,-3,-13
5 14V3i 14937
“2 " 3
7. 24V3, 34302
9. 1,2, 1/2,-3,- 1/3
10. 1,
Theory of Equations 2.23
ANSWERS
-12V31 -12 V3i
2 * 2
345 -14-V3i
2° 2
4, 2, 1/2,
6. 1,1,—2,- 1/2
-743¥5 143i
2 ° 2
1431 -14-V3i
2.° 2 en
EXERCISE 3.1
1. Find a root of the following equations correct to three decimal places,
using the Bisection method.
(i) e-2+x-7=0
(ii) @-2x-5=0
fii) 2 -3x-5=0 (Bangalore, B.E., 1989) .
(iv) 2 -4x-9=0 (Mysore, B.E., 1987)
(vy) xt-x-10=0 (S, Gujarat BE., 1990)
(vi) x-cosx= 0 (B.U, B.E., 1995)
(vii) 3x-e = 0
(viii) 3x = VC + sinx)
(ix) x log,,x— 12=90
2. Using Biection method find the negative root of x ~ 4x + 9 =0, cor-
rect to three decimal places. 3.14 Numerical Methods
3.
Find a root of the following equations correct to three decimal places,
using Iteration method.
Wi) 2+x?-100=0 (ii) x=Atsinx
(ii) 3x —6 = log, x (iv) xe*-cosx=0
(v) sinx=e'~-3x (vi) 2x-7-log,,x=0
2 i? x! x
(vii) 1 —x+ =0
ay 7 GN tae art
Find a negative root of x - 2x + 5 = 0, correct to three decimal places,
using Successive Approximation method.
. Find a root of the following equations correct to four decimal places
using the method of False Position (regula false method).
(i) 2-4x-9=0 (ii) 9 +2x?+10x-20=0
(iii) 2° -4x-1=0 (iv) #-x4-x'-1=0
(v) xe =2 . Wi) aciny=1 EXERCISE 3.2
Using Newton-Raphson method, find a root correct to three decimal places
of the following :
37+ 7x-8=0 (MU, B.E., 1992)
3-3x-5=0 (Kerala B.Tech 1989)
x-5x4+3=0 (Gulbarga B.E, 1993)
x—x-10=0
x—x-13=0
e=1+2x
xe? — cosx = 0 (Gujarat B.E., 1990; BLU, B.E., 1995)
e*sinx = 1
x= 1000
ype r Awe Yn
inno An 3.30 Numericat Methods
17.
18.
20.
Find the interative formulae for finding WN, 3NN, 4NNwhere Nis a
positive real number. using Newton’s method. Hence evaluate
INL, 310, 4N25:
Find a negative root of the following equations using Newton’s
method.
@) ¥-2+x+100=0 — Gi) xX-21x+3500=0
Find by Homer's method the root of the following equations correct
to three decimal places.
() 84 3xt-12e-11=0 (ii) PF +x- 100-0
(iii)xe — 6x - 13 = 0 (ive -3x+1=0
(v) 2 -30=0 (vi) +8 - 4x7 - 16= 0
A sphere of pine wood, 2 metres in diameter, floating in water sinks
to the depth of / metre, given by the equation W-3#+2.5=0. Find
h correct to two decimal places using Homer’s method. EXERCISE 4.1
Solve the following equations by Gauss elimination method
1 bx t4y—z=8, e+ y+z=3, x+2y-2=2
2. x-ytz=1, —3x4+2y-3z=—-6, 2x- Syt+4z=5
3. 10xt+y+z=12, 2xt+lOy+z= 13, det 2y + 10z= 14
(M.U, B.E., 1991)
4. Qx- “yt 2, xt lOy—32=5, x-y-2=3
(Ranchi, B. Tech, 1987)
5. 10x, +x, +x, pe 144, x, +x, + 10x,= = 38.139, x, + 10x, +2,= = 28.140
(MU, BE, 1991)
6 xty+z=66, x-yt+z=2:2, x+2yt3z= 15.2
(North Bengal B Tech, 1987)
2. Wwe ay+2z=15, Wt yt2z2=-5, 4xety-2z=0
(MU. B.E.. 1989) Simultaneous Linaar Algebraic Equations == 4.17
8 x+ytz=10, 3x4 2y+3z= 18, xt 4yt 92= 16
(Bangalore, B.E., 1990)
9, 2x, 42x, +4, = 12, 3x, +2x, +2x,=8, Sx, + 10x, — 8x, = 10
(S.Gujarat, B/E, 1990)
10. x+2y- 122+ 8w=27, Sxt y+ 7z-2w=4,
—3x+7y+ 92+ 5w= ll, 6x 12y- 82+ 3w=49
. (MU, B.E., 1987)
Solve the following equations by Gauss - Jordan method
Hl. 2x—3y+z=-l, x+ 4y + 5z=25, 3x-dy+2=2
, (M.U, B.E., 1993)
12. Ixetytz=12, 3x+2y + 3z= 24, x+4y+ 92 = 34
13. 10x+y+z= 12, xt 1Oy+z=12, x+y 10z= 12 EXERCISE 4.2
Solve the following equations by Factorisation (or Triangularisation) method.
1, 3x+y+2z= 16; 2x-6y+8z=24; Sxt4y—3z=2
2. 3x+2y+7z2= 32; 2x+3ptz=40; 3x+ 4y—z= 56
3. lOx+y+z= 12; Wet lOy+z=13; xt+y+5z=7
(MU, BE, 1991)
4, 28x+4y—z7=32; x+3y+ 10z= 24; 2x + 7p + 4z=35
. We-y+z=0.3;-4x+3y-22= -1.4; 3x—-8y+3z=0.1
6. 10x + Fy + 82+ Tw = 32; Txt Syt 6z+ Sw= 23,
8x + 6y +10z + Sw = 33 ; 7x + Sy + 9z+ 10w= 31
Solve the following equations by Crout's method
Vo xt3yt 82=4,x44y4 32=-2; xt 3yt4z=1 (MU, BE, 1991) Simultaneous Linear Algebraic Equations 4.35
12. 3x+y+2z=3, 2x-3y- z=-3, x-2y+z=4
‘13. 10x, + 9x, + 6x, +x, = 26, lix, + 6x,—x, + 2x, = 18
x, "Te, + 3x, + 62,~ 3, Te, +x, +4, +2, 10
14, Sxtytztw4, x+Tytz+ 4w= 12,
xtyt+6z+w=-S, xtytzt4w=—6
Find the inverse of the following matrices using Crout's method.
-2 4 8 123
asy 74 8 -16 as [2 2 |
-6. 2 -20 213
1314 6 4
8-113 9 EXERCISE 4.3
Solve the following system of linear equations by (i
2 y (i) Gauss
and (ii) Gauss Seidel iteration method.
1. Qtytz=4,x4+2yt+z2=4;x+yt+27=4
Sxtytz= 8; Axt+4ytz2=4, x4 3y+5z=5
Sx+2y +2= 12,x+ dy +22 = 15,x+ 2+ 52= 20
4.56 Numerical Methods
S 9x + 2p + 42= 20, x+ l0y + 4z = 6, 2x dy + 102= 15
Ss Sax + y+ z= 110, 2x + 15y+ 62 = 72, —x + by + 272 = 85
(MU, B.E., 1993)
6. 28x—4y-2= 32, x4 3y+ 10z = 24, 2x + 17y + 42.= 35
Sx—-y+z= 10, 2x+4y= 12, x+ p+ 5z="-1 (Bangalore, B.E.. 1990)
one ke 9 ot dy — 1 $ 9x. = 3.x, + 6x, + 10x, = 3 4.56 Numerical Methods
4, Ox + 2p + 42 = 20, x+ Oy + 4z = 6, 2x — Ay + 102 = —15
Ss Sax ty +2= 110, 2x + 15y+ 62= 72, x + by + 272 = 85
(MU, BE., 1993)
6. 28x — dy—2= 32, x + By + 102 = 24, 2x + I7y + 4z= 35
7. Sx-ytz=10,2x+4y= 12, x+y+ 5z =~ (Bangalore, B.E., 1990)
8. 10x, — 5x, — 2x, = 3, 4x, - 10x, + 3x, =—3, x, + 6x, + 10x, =-3
9. 10x + 2y + 2=9, 2x + 20y— 22 =—44, 2x + 3y + 102 = 22
10. 10x, + Tx, + 8x, + 7x = 32, 7x, + 5x, + 6x, + 5x,= 23;
Bx, + 6x, + 10x, + 9x,= 33, Tx, + Sx, + 9x, + 10x,= 31
Solve by relaxation method the following equations:
1. Ox + y+ z= 50, x + Sy—3z= 18,-2x+ 2y + 72= 19
12. 3x t+ Oy —22= 11, 4x + 2y + 132 = 24, 4x—4y + 3z=-8
(M.U, B.E., 1993) EXERCISE 5.1
tL. Tabulate the forward differences for the given data:
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
¥ 1 8g 27 64 125° 216 «= 343512 T29 |
2. . Forma table of backward differences of the function
JS (x) = — 3x? — Sx—7 forx=-1, 0, 1, 2,3, 4, 5.
Form the difference table of f =x ‘— 5x? + 6x7 +x—2 for the values
ofx=-3,-2,-1, 0, 1,2,3. Extend the table in both directions to give
fylotote
4. Show that
(i) y=y, + Ay, + Ay, + Ay,
Gi) Vy.= vy. -2y.t y, (iii) &y,=y,- 2+ Y, 5.32 Numerical Methods
(Vv) Abe (e+ 1+ 2YKx+ 3)) = 40x + 1x + 2)x + 3)
. ‘| Sx+12 |. 10x +32
(Wi) 0") 5246 7 (x+2)(x + 3x + 4x +5)
(vii) Ave’ =(e-lye*
wy an _ (=1)"n!
(iti) Aris) = x(x + I)x42)...00+7)
7. If his the intervel of differencing, prove that :
(i) A’cos2x=—4sin?h cos2(x + A) (Kerala B.E., 1989, M.U, B.E., 1996)
(ii) Watt t= (@Apaerd
(iii) Arsin(ax + 8) = 2sin(ah /2y-sin (xb + 22") Finite Differences §.33
15. Prepare a forward difference table for values (x, y,), i= 1, 2,3, ..7.
Indicate the propogation error ¢ introduced in the tabulated value of
Ye ,
16- The value ofa polynomial of degree 5 are tabulated below. If/(3) is
known to be an error, find its correct value.
_
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
| /@) i 2 33-254 1025-3126 771 |
17. A polynomial function is given by the following table:
= 5.34 Numerical Methods
(vii) A? = (1 + ANS?
(ix) BM = pt 2d, EM = ud CO S=AC +aye=V(1- Vy"
(vill) w= A E+ 4A
. © ne
(xi) wd= (A+ V) : (ii) H= ofa
x
(xiii) Ge = E2E'+1 (xiv) = 14+ GO
(Coimbatore B.E., 1985);
(xv) B= Ly,
iz
- . .
(xvi) V?7= BRD RD + nD WDA +--- (Madurai, B.E, 1989) 27)
28)
29)
30)
31)
32)
Finite Differences §.35
Z 2
MX wx’ , _ a s
u,+ et gt eG teh Hy no utes)
uy +2C, Au, +°C, But =u +70, Bu, tC Mut
Sum the series to 7 terms:
(i) 1.2.342.3.4439.4.5+---
(ii) 4.5.6. + 5.6.7 + 6.7.8 +> --
iii) 2.54 5,848.11 +->-
Using the method of finite differences, find the sum to n terms of the
series whose ath term is n(~1) (n-2).
Using the method of finite differences, find the sum of the first
(i) 7 squares and (ii) 2 cubes.
Sum the series using the identity of Example 5.15, 5.36 Numerical Methods
1 9
13) f@= 4 xO + 20) + gee tam + constant
14) G) f(x) = 7x8 + 96x + 262x0 + 979 —3
AS (X) = 56x + 576x + 1048 + 194
A? f(x) = 336x® + 2304x" + 2096
Gi) FG) =x + 3x4 3x47
AS(X) = 6x9 +120 + 6
At f(x) = 24x09 424
15) f(x) = 244, error =—10
18) y,= 138 19) 31, 129, 351
AWN Deeneioarv aD ulF=N nw
Interpolation with Equal Intevais 6,19
EXERCISE 6.1
From the following data find y at x = 43 using Newton’s forward —
interpolation formula.
x 4 50 6 70 8 9 |
y 184 204 226 «0250 »=«176~—304 |
i
The population of a town in decennial census was as given below.
* Estimate the population for the year 1895.
Years (x) 1891 190i 1911 1921 1931 |
Population (y)
in thousands 46 66 81 93 101 6.20 Numerical Methods
‘Age group 25-35 38-45 45-55 55-65
Death 13229 18139 24225 31496
7. From the following table, find y when x = 1.85 and x = 2.4 using
Newton’s interpolation formula.
x 1.7 Ls 19 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3
y=e 5.474 6.050 6.686 7.389 8.166 9.025 9.974
8. Estimate the values of f(22) and f(42) from the following data :
260 231 204
(Gulbarga B.E., 1993)
F@) 354 332 291 NA
Intemolation with Equal Intervais 6.24
Determine the maximum step size that can be used in the tabulation -.
of f(x) = e* in [0, 1], so that the error in linear interpolation be less
than 5 x [0-*.
Given sin 25° = 0, 42262, sin 26°= 0.43837, sin 27° = 0.45399,
sin 28° = 0.46947, sin 29°= 0.48481 and sin 30° =0.5. Using Newton's:
interpolation formula find sin 28° 24’, Estimate the error.
ANSWERS
. 189.70 2. 54.8528
: 5.54 4, 287 (nearly)
. 8666 6. 11278, 12947
. 6.36, 11.02 8. 352,219
1
v= (3x? — 22x + 48). 1.625 EXERCISE 7.1
The values of annuities for certain ages are given for the following
ages. Find the annuity at age 27% using Gauss’s forward interpolation
formula. -
Age 25 260 278g |
Annuity 16.195 15.919 15.630 15.326 15.006 |
Using Gauss’s forward interpolation formula, find yatx= 1.7489
given that
x 1.72 1,73 1.74 1.75 1.76 1.77 1.78
¥ 0.1791 0.1773 0.1775 0.1738 0.1720 0.1703 0.1686
Find V12516 using Gauss’s backward interpolation foumula given
that V12500 = 111.8033, ¥I2510 = 111.8481, ¥12520 = 111.8928
aed wbiaAraAn 62. 288 7.16 Numerical Methods
7.
10.
Given cos (0.8050) = 0.6931, cos (0.8055) = 0.6928,
cos (0.8060) = 0.6924, cos (0.8065) = 0.6920, cos (0.8070) = 0.6917,
cos (0.8075) = 0.6913, and cos (0.8080) = 0.6909, find cos (0.806595)
using Stirling's formula.
Apply Stirling’s formula to find a polynomial of degree four which
takes *
x i 2 3 4 5
¥ i = 1 +1 1
Use Laplace—Everett’s formula to find log 337.5 given that
log 310 = 2.4913, log 320 = 2.5051, log 330 = 2.5185,
log 340 = 2.5315, log 350 = 2.5441 and log 360 = 2.5563.
Find y at x = 34 using Laplace — Everett’s formula given the table.
Ix 20 76 an ae aa 1 EXERCISE 8.1
ee ST
(abe + bed + acd + abd)
If f(x) =x show that S(a, b,c, dy=— @pigtgh
Iff()=x show that f(a’, BL O)=at+bte,
. (-)"
Tff(x)=x71 show that f(x, Xp = Xoo Xp yoo Xy
Iff (x) = 8-92 + 17x +6, compute f(—1, 1, 2, 3),
The following table gives some relation between steam Pressure and
temperature. Find the Pressure at 372.1°
Temp.°C 361° 367° 378° = 387° 399°
Pressure (kgf/cm?) 1549 167.9 191 212.5 244.2 Interpolation with Unequal Intervals 8.13.
6. Using Newton’s divided difference formula, evaluate f(8) and f(15)
given that
x 4 3 ih 10 ll 13
Se) 48 100 294 900 1210 2028
7. The observed values ofa function are 168, 120, 72 and 63 at the four
Positions 3, 7, 9 and 10 of the argument, respectively. What is the
best estimate for the value of the function at position 6.
Fita polynomial of third degree to the following data using Newton’s
~ divided difference method.
i Q Lo 2 4 5 6
S@) 1 14 15 5 6 9
i 9. If f(0) =-18, f(1) = 0, £(3) = 0, £(5) =~-248, £(6) = 0, £9) = 13104,
find f (x). EXERCISE 8.2
Given that log, 300 = 2.4771, log,,304 = 2.4829, log,,305 = 2.4843
and log,,307 = 2.4871, find by using Lagrange’s formula, the value
of log,, 310. (Karnataka 1993)
Given the values f (14) = 68.7, f (17) = 64, J G1) = 44 and
FBS) = 39.1, find (27) using Lagrange’s formula.
Given: u, = 22, u, = 30, u, = 82, u, = 106 and u, = 206. Find u, using
Lagrange’s interpolation formula. .
\ The amount A of a substance remaining in a reacting system after an
interval of time # in a certain chemical experiment is given by the
foliowing data:
A 94.8 87.9 81.3 68.7 7
interpolation with Unequal latervais 8.23
The following table gives the viscosity of an oil as a function of
temperature. Use Lagrange’s formula to find the viscosity of oil ata
temperature of 140°.
01a 160 sg
P 10 130 8 tee
Viscosity 10.8 Bl 55 48 550 4.8
. The following are the measurements of ¢ made on a curve recorded
on an oscillograph representing a change in.the conditions of electric
current i.
12020 25 3.0
1.36,
5 0.58 0.34 0.20
Find the value of i at t= 1.6. 8.24 Numerical Methods
12.
13.
1S.
Find a polynomial of fifth degree from the following data:
x 0 1 3 5 6 9
f@ -18 0 0 -248 0 13104
. (MUL 1991)
Apply Lagrange’s formula inversely to obtain the root of f(x) = 0,
given that f (30) = -30, £34) =-13 f(38) =3 and f(42) = 18.
(MU, B.E,1993)
Given that (0) = 16.35, f (5) = 14.88, f(10) = 13.59 and f(15) =
12.46, find x when f(x) = 14.
Find x when f(x) = 0.163, given that
x 80 82 84 86 88
Ft A194 Ate AIAE AAAN AA aA =
12
16.
18.
an
Interpolation with Unequal intervais 8.25
ANSWERS
2.4786 Ze
83.515 4.
7.03 6.
369 8.
. SQX)= Ge Ae 6)
IL.
f(x) = 3x4 — 5x3 + 6x? = 14x + 5
f(axi- Sx t+ Oxi -x + Sx-6
8.34
6.5928
16.9
£3) 2.009 Fi 1 4972
13.
1S.
17.
19.
49.3
749
0.8908
714
37.23
82.8
0.477
0.73811 EXERCISE 9.1
Find the first and second derivatives of the function tabulated below
at the point x = 19
x 1.0 be 14 1.6 1.8 2.0
f@&) 0 0.128 0.544 1.296 2.432 4.00
(Madras 1991)
The following data gives corresponding values of pressure and
specific volume of super-heated steam.
PR EP
v 2 4 6 8 410
P 105 42.07 253 16.7 130
La et
(i) Find the rate of change of pressure with respect to volume when
vVe2.
(ii) Find the rate of change of volume with respect to pressure when 9.14 Numerical Methods
5:
The table given below reveals velocity V of a body during time ‘F
specified. Find its acceleration at ¢= 1.1
v 43.1 477 52.1 56.4 60.8
fe ere
A rod is rotating in a plane. The following tablé gives the angle 8
(radians) through which the rod has turned for various values of time
tin seconds,
.
[ 1 0 02 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 i
| @ 0 0.122 0.493 0123+ 2,022 3.200 4.61
Find the angular velocity and angular acceleration at ¢= 0.6,
From the following table of values of x and v. find y’ (1.25) and Numerical Differentiation and Integration ‘9.15
For the following pairs of values of x and y, find numerically the first
derivative at x = 4.
Find the value of f’ (7.60) from the following table E using Gauss’s
formula.
TAT 7.48 749° 750 7.51 7.52 7.53
Ff) 0.193 0,195 0,198 0.201 0.203 0.206 0.208
Find the maximum and minimum values of the function from the
following table:
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 EXERCISE 9.2
2
Evaluate lyae from the following table using Trapezoidal rule.
x 0 02 04 06 O8 £0 12 14°16 18. 20
y 121 137 146 1.89 1.67 2.31 2.91 3.83 4.01 4.79 5.31
Find an approximate value of log,S by calculating to four decimal
5
d.
places by Simpson’s 1/3 rule the integral Is y - 3 » dividing therange
>
into 10 equal parts.
Apply Simpson’s 3/8 rule to evaluate 2 > totwo decimal places
by dividing the range into eke equal parts. Numerical Differentiation and Integration 9.34
A river is 80 feet wide. Depth d in feet at a distance of x feet from
one bank is given by the following table
x 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 &
0 4 7 9 12 Is i4 8 3
Find approximately the area of the cross-section.
Find the approximate distance traveHed by a train between
11.50 a.m, and 12.30 p.m. from the following data using Simpson’s
13 rule.
time 1.50am. 12.00 12.10p.m. 12.20 Pm, 12.30 p.m.
Speed .
mph, 24.2 35.0 413 42.8 39.2 9.32 — Numerical Methods
12.
13.
14.
A solid of revolution is formed by rotating about the x-axis, the area
between x-axis and lines x = 0 and x= 1, and a curve through the
points with the following coordinates.
x 0 0.25 0.50 0.75
y i 0.9896 0.9589 0.9089 0.8415
Estimate the volume of the solid formed using Simpson’s 1/3 rule.
A curve passes through the points (1, 0.2), (2, 0.7), (3, 1), (4, 1.3),
(5, 1.5), (6, 1.7), (7, 1.9), (8 2.1), (9, 2.3). Using Weddle’s tule,
estimate the volume generated by revolving the area between the
curve x axis and the ordinates x = 1 and x = 9 about the x axis.
The table below gives the velocity v of a moving particle at time
Find the distance covered by the particle in 12.5 and also, the
1 wee Ne Ke aAuw =
bY pe fet a8
wa
Numerical Differentiation and Integration 9.33
ANSWERS
5.44 2 1.6101
0.8687 4 24256.53
0.9981, 1.0006; 0.0019, 0.0006
(i) 18276551, 1.8278472, 1.827847, 1.8278475
errors: 0.0001924, 0.0000003, 0.0000005, 0.0000001
(ii) 4.05617, 4.05106. 4.05116, 4.05098
errors: ~0.00522. —0.00011, -0.00021, -0.00003
710 sq. ft 8. 25.4 miles
30.87 m/s, A= 112.75 km 10. 296.7 yards .
5/3 miles i2. 2.8192
59.68 cu. units 14. 532m, 3 m/s?
1.0893 units 16. 1.8278 10.14 Numerical methods
EXERCISE 10.1
Form the differancé equations by eliminating arbitrary constants.
1. y=C, 34,8" 2 yp=Oxet+Cx+9
3. y=(C,+CnyX-2y 4. yH=OxrCrtec,
Solve the following difference equations.
5. Yes 2a Snort hq =O
6. Vesa * Ps 138 p27 Year t Hy, 0
7. Vet yt ay, =0
8. Aru, —SAu, + 4u,=0
9. uy. + 6u,.5 "+ 9u,., —4u,,,- 12u,= 0
10. yn, 9y,+ 307, .—44y,_, + 24y= 0
I. Yj. Ysa + X= 0, given y, = 1 and y, = 138
WA Bae Oe Ae SN oven =A wv = 2. and u.= 22 Difierence Equations = 10.15
=0
ree — Wyant re —Y,
5. ; = C+ 0-1" + C2"
wag reo)
me
Y= cos + sin
YA CAEL CS + Cloay
2nn 2am
C, cos + C, sin — } 2”
Lye {cies wn2
HTT ms fy
J
. 4 = 0, +0, C3P 4 (C,+ OP oy
. y=, 7 Ox + C82 + 6,3)"
3
2. y= 6+ (-3 + n)2" EXERCISE 11.1
Using first four terms of the Maclaurin’s series find y at x= 0.1(0.1)
(0.6) given that 2y’ = (1 +x) »’, y (0) = 1. Compare the values with
the exact solution.
Find the first six terms of the power series solution of y’ = sinx + ¥
which passes through the point (0, 1).
Given y’ = 3x + , and y(0) = I, find by Taylor’s series (0.1) and
0.2).
Using Taylor’s series method solve y' = xy + ¥, 40) = 1 atx=0.1,
0.2, 0.3.
Solve by Taylor’s series method of third order, the problem
Y = (2 +x) €*, (0) = | to find y for x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3. Numerical Solution ta Ordinary Differential Equations 11. 24
Employ Taylor’s method to obtain the approximate value of y at
X= 0.2 for y’ = 2y + 3e*, (0) = 0. Compare the numerical solution
obtained with exact solution.
Solve y’ = + x, (0) = | using Taylor’s series method to compute
0.1) and (0.2).
dz
Solve 2 Tz-x = y +x with (0) = 1, 2(0) = 1 to get (0.1) and
2(0.1), using Taylor’s method.
dk dy
i -—— _f—-l= += =0,x=O, yt, I
Given a ty—1=Oand dt ix=0,¢=0,x=0,¥ evaluate
x(0.1), (0.1), x(0.2) and )X0.2).
Using Taylor’s series method, obtain the values of y at x = (0.1)(0. 1)
ay. 11.22 Numerical methods
ANSWERS
1
Ol 02
x 0.5 0.6
Approx.
valueofy 1 1.055375 1.123 1.205125 1,304 1.421875 1.561
Exact
value of 1 1.055 1.124 1,209 1.316 1.455 1.64
3x? 4x3 x* 2x8
2. poltx + 4+ —-+ +o +
2 3 8 15
0.1) = 1.0665 ; (0.2) = 1.167196
0.1) = 1.1167, 30.2) = 1.2767, 30.3) = 1.5023
0.1) = 1.0047, (0.2) = 1.01812 , (0.3) = 1.03995
0.2) = 0.811, exact value of (0.2) = 0.8112
W0.1) = 1.1164, y(0.2) = 1.2725
saya EXERCISE 11.2
Use Euler's method and Improved Euler’s method to approximate y
when x= 0.1, given that
Dy a ee ym inking be
yen? M0) = 1 taking A= 9.2,
Solve y’ = 3x7+ y in 0 ; W1) = 0, solve for y at x = 1.2, 1.4 using
de x" + xe’ Numerical Solution to Ordinary Differential Equations 11. 47
Find yatx= 0.1, 0.2 using fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithm given
that :
Yoye =O; = 1.
Use Runge-Kutta method to evaluate y at x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 given that
a
we 7 = 150) = 2.
Using Runge-Kutta method of fourth order, find (0.1), (0.2) given
that
dy
de PT TES AO) = 2.
Solve 10) = x? + 9”, (0) = 1 to evaluate (0.2) and }(0.4) by fourth
order R-K algorithm. 11.48 Numerical methods
dz
19. Solve & =k zy mT y for (0.1), 2(0.1) given that (0) = 2,
2(0) = 1 by Runge — Kutta method.
20. Solvey'=x+z, 2=x-y forx=0.1, 0.2 given that y= 0, z= at
x= 0 by Runge-Kutta method.
ad
21. Solve ar -#t —2xy=0 given that (0)= 1, y'(0) =0 for (0.1)
using Runge-Kutta method.
22. Use Runge-Kutta method to solve
Y'-xy t+ 4y=0; 0)= 3; y (0) =Oatx=0.1.
2
d
23.. Apply RK algorithm to find y at x = 0.1 given a =y 5 0)=10; 11.58" Numerical methods
EXERCISE 11.4
1. fy’ =2e*- yp, (0) = 2, (0.1) = 2.010, (0.2) = 2.040 (0.3) = 2.090,
find (0.4), 40.5) correct to three decimal places applying Milne’s
Predictor—Corrector method.
Solve ’ =x7—y given that (0) = i, 10.1) =0.9052, (0.2)= 0.8213.
for (0.5). Here, use Milne’s method by computing (0.3) = 1, using
Taylor’s method,
np
3. Tabulate the solution to p’ =x + y with the initial condition
aw M0) =0 for0.4
