SRI RAMAKRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
VATTAMALAIPALAYAM, N.G.G.O. COLONY POST, COIMBATORE – 641 022.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING
SRI RAMAKRISHNA POLYTECHNIC
COLLEGE
Seminar on
Embedded System
Presented by :
[Link],
[Link](Sr.G) / EIE
Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College
Coimbatore 22.
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Overview
Embedded System – Introduction
ARM 7 (LPC2148) - Introduction
Embedded Programming
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What are Embedded Systems?
• Computers are embedded within other systems: What is
“other systems”? – Hard to define.
• Any computing system other than desktop / laptop
server.
• Typical examples:
• Washing machine, refrigerator, camera, vehicles, airplane,
missile, printer.
• Processors are often very simple and inexpensive
(depending on application of course).
• Billions of embedded system units produced yearly,
versus millions of desktop units.
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Common Features of Embedded Systems
• They are special-purpose or single-functioned
• Tight constraints on cost, energy, form factor, etc
• Low cost, low power, small size, relatively fast
• They must react to events in real-time.
• Responds to inputs from the system’s environment.
• Must compute certain results in real-time without delay.
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Introduction to Embedded Systems
• How to define an Embedded System?
• It is a microcontroller-based system that is designed to control a
function or range of functions, and is not meant to be programmed
by the end user.
• The user may make choices concerning the functionality but cannot
change them.
• The user cannot make modifications to the software.
• Can you “program” your washing machine or refrigerator or car?
• Not today … but not very sure of the near future
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Embedded System Hardware
Figure 1 Information flow in Microcontroller
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Types of Embedded Systems
Stand Alone Embedded Systems Real Time Embedded Systems
It takes the input from the input System which gives a required o/p
ports either analog or digital and in a particular time.
Processes, calculates and converts These types of embedded systems
the data and gives the resulting follow the time deadlines for
data through the connected device completion of a task.
Mobile Embedded Systems
Networked Embedded Systems
Portable embedded devices like
These types of embedded systems
cell phones, mobiles, digital
are related to a network to access
cameras, mp3 players and
the resources
personal digital assistants, etc.
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Types of Embedded Systems
• Stand Alone Embedded Systems
• Real Time Embedded Systems
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Types of Embedded Systems
• Networked Embedded Systems
• Mobile Embedded System
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Simple to Complex Embedded System
Figure 2 Embedded Application based on simple to complex
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Simple to Complex Embedded System
Figure 3 Microcontroller complexity based on the applications
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Embedded Linux - Companies
Figure 4 Companies supporting Embedded Linux
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Microcontroller ?
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Microcontroller
• A microcontroller is a small computer on a single
integrated circuit.
• A microcontroller contains
• one or more processor
• memory and
• programmable input/output peripherals.
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Microcontroller
• Microcontrollers are "embedded" inside some other
device (often a consumer product)
• Microcontrollers are dedicated to one task and run
one specific program.
• Microcontrollers are often low-power devices.
• A microcontroller is often small and low cost.
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Computer Vs Microcontroller
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Computer parts
Figure 5 Computer parts
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CMOS & BIOS
Monitor
Hard Disk
Keyboard & Mouse
Mother Board
RAM
Printer & Speaker
CPU
Figure 6 Function of a computer
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Microcontroller
Figure 7 Function of a microcontroller
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General Purpose Computer vs
Microcontroller
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ARM
• Architectural ideas developed in 1983 by Acorn
Computers.
• To replace the 8-bit 6502 microprocessor in BBC
computers.
• The first commercial RISC implementation.
• The company founded in 1990.
• Advanced RISC Machine (ARM).
• Initially owned by Acorn, Apple and VLSI
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ARM
• One of the most widely used processor cores.
• Some application examples:
• ARM7: iPod
• ARM9: BenQ, Sony Ericsson
• ARM11: Apple iPhone, Nokia N93, N100
• 90% of 32-bit embedded RISC processors till 2010.
• Mainly used in battery-operated devices:
• Due to low power consumption and reasonably good
performance.
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ARM
• A simple RISC-based architecture with powerful design.
• A whole family of ARM processors exist.
• Share similar design principles and a common
instruction set.
• Design philosophy:
• Small processor for lower power consumption (for embedded
system applications).
• High code density for limited memory and physical size
restrictions.
• Can interface with slow and low-cost memory systems.
• Reduced die size for processor to accommodate more
peripherals
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ARM Types
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LPC2148
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LPC2148
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LPC2148
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PIN Details
• LPC2148 has two 32-bit General Purpose I/O ports.
1. PORT0
2. PORT1
• PORT0 is a 32-bit port
• Out of these 32 pins, 28 pins can be configured as either
general purpose input or output.
• 1 of these 32 pins (P0.31) can be configured as general-
purpose output only.
• 3 of these 32 pins (P0.24, P0.26 and P0.27) are reserved.
Hence, they are not available for use. Also, these pins are not
mentioned in pin diagram.
• PORT1 is also a 32-bit port. Only 16 of these 32 pins
(P1.16 – P1.31) are available for use as general-purpose
input or output.
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Pin Function Select Registers
• There are 3 Pin Function Select Registers in
LPC2148:
1. PINSEL0 : - PINSEL0 is used to configure
PORT0 pins P0.0 to P0.15.
2. PINSEL1 : - PINSEL1 is used to configure
PORT0 pins P0.16 to P0.31.
3. PINSEL2 : - PINSEL2 is used to configure
PORT1 pins P1.16 to P1.31.
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IO Registers
IOxPIN (GPIO Port Pin value register):
Examples :
a) Writing 1 to P0.4 using IO0PIN
IO0PIN = IO0PIN | (1<<4)
b) Writing 0 to P0.4 using IO0PIN
IO0PIN = IO0PIN & (~(1<<4) )
c) Writing F to P0.7-P0.4
IO0PIN = IO0PIN | (0x000000F0)
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I/O Registers
• IOxSET
• IOxDIR
• IOxCLR
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Programming
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THANK YOU
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