Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education

Supplementary Learning Materials (SLMs)

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,
ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS (STEM)

General Chemistry 1
First Semester, Quarter I

MODULE 3

Content Standard:

The learner demonstrates understanding of the following:

a. the quantitative relationship of reactants and products in a chemical reaction
b. the mathematical relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas
c. the partial pressures of gases in a mixture

Performance Standard:
The learners shall be able to design using multimedia, demonstrations, or model, a
representation or simulation of any of the following:
a. atomic structure b. gas behavior c. mass relationships in reactions

Most Essential Learning Competencies:

 Determine mass relationship in a chemical reaction. STEM_GC11MRIg-h-42

 Define pressure and give the common units of pressure.
STEM_GC11G-Ihi-43
 Use the gas laws to determine pressure, volume, or temperature of a gas under
certain conditions of change. STEM_GC11G-Ihi-45
 Use the ideal gas equation to calculate pressure, volume, temperature, or number of
moles of a gas. STEM_GC11G-Ihi-46
 Use Dalton’s law of partial pressures to relate mole fraction and partial pressure of
gases in a mixture. STEM_GC11DLIi-47

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 General Chemistry 1
LESSON 1
MASS RELATIONSHIP IN A CHEMICAL REACTION
Learning Targets
 Analyze mass relationship in a chemical reaction.
 Solve word problems involving mass relationship in a chemical reaction.
 Infer the importance of law of conservation of mass.
Introduction
Using the balanced chemical equations of the summarized reactions, we can show how to
relate the masses of substances consumed to the masses of substances produced. The
questions on how much of a substance will react with a given amount of another substance and
how much product will be generated are central to all chemical processes, whether industrial, geological,
or biological.
Gear Up!
PROVOCATIVE QUESTION

Directions: Analyze and answer the given question.

Q: Why do we add baking soda, NaHCO3, in baking cookies and cakes? How does it affect the product
and reaction?
A:__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

Complete the given idea: In every balanced chemical equation, each side of the equation has the same
number of __________________.

ANALYZE AND EXPLORE

Mass Relationship in a Chemical Reaction

In stoichiometry, the equation shows the relationship between the products and
reactants. Coefficients indicate the number of a particular atom in a molecule.

Consider the given equation: N2(g) + H2(g)  NH3(g)

Nitrogen (N) is made to react with hydrogen gas (H2) to yield ammonia (NH3). Take note that the equation
above is not yet balanced because the number of nitrogen and hydrogen atoms are not equal in both
sides.

Balanced equation: N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g)

Putting the coefficients (number of atoms) before the substance balances the equation.

Interpretation of the chemical equation:

Molecules: 1 molecule of nitrogen + 3 molecules of hydrogen gas yields 2 molecules of ammonia
Moles: 1 mole of nitrogen + 3 moles of hydrogen gas yields 2 moles of ammonia
Mass: The molar mass is defined as the mass of 1 mole of a substance. The molar mass of the elements
in the periodic table is the same with its atomic weight but different units are used.

molar mass of H = 1.00794 g/mol atomic weight of H = 1.00794 amu

MASS RELATIONSHIP: The Mole-Triangular Relationship

This method is used to find any unknown variables in the

equation. Sample drawn equation is stated below:
mass = Molar mass x mole or m=Mxn

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 General Chemistry 1
Examples:
1. N2H4 and N2O4 react to form H2O and N2. If 20-grams of N2H4 react with enough N2O4, how much N2
would be made?
STEP 1: Balance chemical equation.
2N2H4 + N2O4 → 4H2O + 3N2
STEP 2: Find the molar masses of the substances.
A. N2H4
B. N2
N - 2 x 14.007 = 28.014
N – 2 x 14.007 = 28.014
H - 4 x 1.008 = 4.032
Get the summation: 28.014 =
Get the summation: 28.014 + 4.032 =
28.014g/mol
32.046g/mol
STEP 3: Convert the mass of N2H4 to moles.

20g N2H4 = 0.624 mol N2H4

STEP 4: Solve for the moles of N2

0.624 mol N2H4 = 0.936 mol N2

STEP 5: Convert the moles of N2 to grams.

The mass/amount of nitrogen gas produced
0.936 mol N2 == 26.221g gNN
26.221 2
2
after 20-grams of N2H4 is reacted to N2O4.

2. How many grams of nitric acid, HNO3, can be prepared from the reaction of 138 g of NO2 with 54.0 g
H2O according to the given equation? NO2 + H2O → HNO3 + NO
Balanced equation: 3NO2 + H2O → 2HNO3 + NO
Molar mass
HNO3 NO2
H – 1 x 1.008 = 1.008 g/mol N – 1 x 14.007 = 14.007 g/mol
N – 1 x 14.007 = 14.007 g/mol O – 2 x 15.999 = 31.998 g/mol
O – 3 x 15.999 = 47.997 g/mol NO2 = 46.005 g/mol
HNO3 = 63.012 g/mol
Solution:
grams of NO2  moles of NO2  moles of HNO3

ANSWER:
moles of HNO3  grams of HNO3 126.024 grams of nitric acid

Proceed to the Activity Sheet on page 14.

Answer Activity #1 item 1. After answering, return to this page.

Reflect: Law of Conservation of Mass

(Write your answer on a separate sheet)
The law of conservation of mass states that the mass of the products in a chemical reaction is equal
the mass of the reactants. How is this useful in identifying the amount of reactants to be used and
product that will be produced in an experiment?
________________________________________________________________________________

Directions: Summarize in one sentence the key point of the lesson.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Congratulations!
Proceed to the next lesson.
THANK YOU! 
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 General Chemistry 1
LESSON 2
PRESSURE AND GAS LAWS
Learning Targets
 Define pressure and give the common units of pressure.
 Use the gas laws to determine and calculate pressure, volume, or temperature of gas.
 Design an output using either multimedia, video demonstration, model or a
representation (poster making, infographic poster, etc.) regarding the application of gas
laws and gas behavior.
 Infer the importance of pressure application during CPR in certain conditions.
Introduction
The physical states of matter depend on the balance between kinetic energy and attraction
of forces. Molecules that poses high kinetic energy tend to move fast that the attractive forces
between them are too weak to hold them together during high temperatures. Molecules in
these situation are called the gaseous state. One of its important property is pressure.
Gear Up!

Pre-assessment
Directions: Complete the given K-W-H-L chart about gases. Answer only the following
parts: what you know (K), want to learn/find out (W) and how can you learn more (H). The
part of what you have learned (L) will be answered near the end of the module in the post-assessment.
K W H L
What I Know What I Want to Find Out How I can Learn More What I Have
Learned

ANALYZE AND EXPLORE

I. PRESSURE AND ITS COMMON UNITS

The amount of force exerted in a Analyze the given pictures:

specific area is called pressure. a. What will happen if the pressure is
Equation: Where: much lower than what it should be?
P= Pressure b. What will happen if the pressure is
F= Force much greater than what it should be?
A= Area

In a system, the gas molecules move in random motion wherein its distance per particle is
farthest compared to solid and gas. Under some conditions of a gas sample, it can be defined
in terms of its variables; temperature, volume, moles, and pressure.
Pressure as one of the variables defines as the amount of force exerted per unit area. It
refers to the force exerted by colliding molecules per unit area of container walls.
Air pressure is a unit named after Evangelista Torricelli, (1608-1647) who invented the
barometer - instrument used to measure air pressure. Pressure is commonly used in
millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) or in torr (also named after Evangelista Torricelli). The value
760 mm Hg is used as the average pressure of the atmosphere at sea level; also used to define
atmosphere (atm) which is another unit for pressure. The SI unit of pressure is the pascal (Pa),
with 1 Pa = 1 N/m2, where N is the newton (1 kg m/s2) a unit of force.

Table 1: Pressure Units

Unit Name and Abbreviation Definition or Relation to Other Unit
pascal (Pa) 1 Pa = 1 N/m2
recommended IUPAC unit
kilopascal (kPa) 1 kPa = 1000 Pa

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 General Chemistry 1
atmosphere (atm) 1 atm = 101,325 Pa
air pressure at sea level is ~1 atm
bar (bar, or b) 1 bar = 100,000
commonly used in meteorology
millibar (mbar, or mb) 1000 mbar = 1 bar
inches of mercury (in. Hg) 1 in. Hg = 3386 Pa
used by aviation industry, also some weather
reports
torr 1 torr = 0.00131579atm
1 atm = 760torr
named after Evangelista Torricelli, inventor of the
barometer
millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) 1 mmHg ~1 torr
1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa
Source: OpenStax College. 2015.Chemistry. Rice University. Texas

CONVERSION OF UNITS
Examples:
Problem Solution
1. What is the pressure (in atmospheres) of a gas that
has a pressure of 200 torr?
2. Express the pressure of 1000 mmHg in atmosphere.

3. A sample of hydrogen gas has a pressure of 0.50

atm. Convert its value in torr.

II. GAS LAWS

Gas Laws: Pressure, Volume, Temperature and Amount of Gas Relationship

Using the variables such as pressure, volume, temperature and amount of gas (number of moles),
scientist establish the relationship and behavior of gasses. These are described by the equations called
ideal gas and its properties summarized into gas laws named after their discoverers.

The Pressure-Volume Relationship: BOYLE’S LAW

Boyle’s law states that the volume (V) of an ideal gas varies inversely with the applied pressure (P)
when temperature (T) and amount of gas (n, moles) are constant. Mathematically, the initial pressure P1
multiplied by the initial volume V1 of a gas gives a constant value k:
P1 V1 = k
So, if the volume or pressure of the gas changes without changing the temperature or the amount of the
gas, the final pressure and volume will be equal to the same constant:
P2 V2 = k
Then, the relation of the initial and final products of the volume and pressure
will be written as:
P1 V1 = P2 V2 (at constant T and n)
Where;
P1 = initial pressure
V1 = initial volume
P2 = Final pressure
V2 = Final volume

Remember: Pressure-volume
graphical representation
In terms of a proportion: V α 1/ P (at constant amount and temperature)
In terms of an equation: V = k / P (at constant amount and temperature)

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 General Chemistry 1
Consider the given examples.

1. A 1.5 L container has a gas pressure of 2.7 atm. If the volume is decreased to 1.1 L. What will be the
new pressure in kPa inside the container?
Known Variables Unknown Variable Mathematical Equation Final Equation
V1 = 1.5 L P2 = ? P1 V1 = P 2 V 2 P 2 = P1 V1
P1 = 2.7 atm V2 V2 V2
V2 = 1.1 L
Solution Final answer Conversion of unit: atm to kPa
P2 = (2.7 atm) (1.5 L) P2 = 3.7 atm
1.1 L

2. Gas sample occupies a volume of 2.5 L at a

pressure of 1.5 atm. What would be the volume of the gas if its pressure is reduced to 1 atm at the same
temperature?

The final volume (V2) is 3.75L.

The Temperature-Volume Relationship: CHARLES’S LAW

Charles’s law states that the volume of a given amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute
temperature at constant pressure. The mathematical equation is as follows:
V
𝑘 or
T
Where;
V1 = initial volume
T1 = initial Temperature
V2 = Final volume
T2 = Final Temperature
If the volume, V1, and temperature, T1, of a sample of gas are known, then the volume V2, at some
other temperature, T2, at the same pressure is given by unchanging P and n
(constant).

Remember:
In terms of a proportion: V α T (at constant amount and pressure)
In terms of an equation: V = k T (at constant amount and pressure)
Volume-temperature
graphical representation
Consider the given examples.

1. A 2.2 L flexible container holds a gas at 250 K . What will be the new volume if the temperature is
increased to 500K at constant pressure?
Known Variables Unknown Variable Mathematical Equation Final Equation
V1 = 2.2 L V2 = ?
T1 = 250K
T2 = 500K

Solution:
V2 = 2.2 L (500K)
= 4.5 L
250K

2. A sample of carbon monoxide gas occupies 3.50L at 104C. At what temperature will the gas occupy
a volume of 1.70L if the pressure remains constant?

Equation:
Given: V1 = 3.50L V2 = 1.70L T1 = 398.15 K (Celcius – Kelvin conversion)
Find: T2 = ?

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 General Chemistry 1
Solution:
T1 = 104(C)

The Amount - Volume Relationship: AVOGADRO’S LAW

Avogadro’s law states that the volume (V) of an ideal gas varies directly with amount (n) when
temperature (T) and pressure (P) are constant.
𝑽 ∝ 𝒏 (V= constant (k) x n) 𝑽=k
n
Avogadro’s hypothesis explains that the same volume of two gases at the same temperature and
pressure contain the same number of molecules. Remember that the SI unit mole is related to the number
of molecules in a substance. It means as the volume increases the amount of substance or the moles also
increases, so the relationship is directly proportional.

Mathematically, it is expressed as

Where;
V1 = initial volume
n1 = initial number of moles of the gas
V2 = Final volume
n2 = Final number of moles of the gas Volume-number of moles
of the gas’ graphical
Consider the given example. representation

1. An 880 mL gas container has 2.00 moles of helium. What is the new volume after 6.00 moles of
helium are added to the container at the same temperature and pressure?

Known Variables Unknown Variable Change Equation Final Equation

V1 = 800 mL V2 = ? V must increase
n1 = 2 moles n increases
n2 = 6 moles n2
Solution:

Interpretation:
The V2 is larger than the V1 which results to the addition of number of moles.

Scientists behind the discovery of Gas Laws

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 General Chemistry 1

Proceed to the Activity Sheet on page 14.

Answer Activity #2. After answering, return to this page.

Reflect 

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation – Position

of the Hands
Source:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CPR_
Adult_Chest_Compression_Heart.png –
Retrieved: 07/2020

Breathing
We breathe out 12 times per minute under normal conditions each time inhaling and
exhaling 500mL of air. Each time we inhale, our rib cage rises and the diaphragm lowers, either
of which results to the increase of the volume in the chest cavity. In accord with the Gas Law
(Boyle’s Law), when we inhale the volume of the chest cavity increases as the pressure within
it decreases and becomes lower than the outside pressure. This reaction results to the air flows
from higher- pressure area outside the body to the lungs. This is the complete reverse when
we exhale. The pressure and volume of a gas have an inverse relationship.
When a person losses its capability to inhale and exhale by himself due to some
diseases or circumstances, a respirator or a CPR can be used.

How would you relate the use of respirator in the relationship of pressure and volume?
Can the understanding of gas law concepts help someone who needs to do a CPR?
(Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.)
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________

ASSESS
What I Have Learned? (KWHL Chart)

Directions: Complete the KWHL chart that you made at the start of the lesson by writing your answer on
the L (What have I Learned?) part.
K W H L
What I Know What I Want to Find How I can Learn What I Have Learned
Out More

X X X

Congratulations!
Proceed to the next lesson.
THANK YOU! 

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 General Chemistry 1
LESSON 3
IDEAL GAS LAW AND DALTON’S PARTIAL PRESSURE
Learning Targets
 Solve problems using ideal gas equation.
 Utilize Dalton’s law of partial pressure to explain mole fraction and partial pressure of
gases in mixture.
 Compute word problems using Dalton’s law of partial pressure.
Introduction
Reactions involving gases are common, such as the burning of fuel and the digestion of
sugars. Reaction stoichiometry is concerned with the relationship between the moles of
reactants and products in a reaction. In connection with reaction stoichiometry, the Ideal Gas
Equation enables the calculation of the number of moles of a gas from its pressure, volume, and
temperature.
Gear Up!
Revisiting Concepts
The last lesson presented the Gas Laws. Analyze the real-life situations presented below
and identify which gas law is involved as its application.

1. When ascending or descending in a plane, or taking a subway or train under a deep waterway, your ears
“pop,” or feel uncomfortable because of a change of pressure in your head.

2. People who ascend to high altitudes experiences difficulty in breathing when they try to breathe. As they
climb higher, oxygen’s partial density decreases.

3. Yeast is added in baking bread to convert sugar into carbon dioxide. The gas liberated expands because
of high temperatures in the oven giving the bread its spongy appearance.

Guide Questions:
What are your answers? What leads you to choose the gas law involved in the given situation?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
ANALYZE AND EXPLORE

I. IDEAL GAS LAW

Summarizing what was discussed in the previous lesson regarding Gas Laws, it states the
following concepts:

These expressions can be combined to form a single master equation for the behavior of gases:
whereas R, the proportionality constant, is called the gas constant.

Ideal gas equation describes the relationship the following variables: P

(pressure), V (volume), T (temperature), and n (number of moles). An ideal
gas is a hypothetical gas whose pressure-volume-temperature behavior can
be completely accounted for by the ideal gas equation.

Take note of the following equations for the Gas Laws.

n2
P1 V1 = P 2 V2
Boyle’s Law Charles’s Law Avogadro’s Law

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 General Chemistry 1

The given equations can be rearranged into an equation known as the combined gas law, which
holds true for a given amount of gas:

The combined gas law reduces to Boyle’s Law, if temperature is kept constant (i.e. T 1=T2):
P1 V1 = P2 V2

It also reduces to Charles’s Law, if pressure is kept constant (i.e. P1 = P2):

It will also show that pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, if the
volume is kept constant (i.e. V1 = V2):

The value of R can be calculated from the molar volume at 0oC and 1 atm (V=22.4L).

The value of R (gas constant) is a universal constant that is always the same anywhere and anytime.

Consider the given examples.

1. What is the volume (in liters) occupied by 44.4 g of HCl at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure)?
0
Given: T=0 C = 273.15 K P= 1 atm
Find: V =?
Equation:
PV = nRT =
P P
Solution:

1.22 mol of HCl

2. A 5.5 L container holds 1.33 moles of hydrogen gas at 291K. What is the pressure inside the
container?
Given: V = 5.5 L T = 291 K n = 1.33moles
Find: P = ?
Equation:

Solution:

3. A certain organism inhaled 0.347L of gas at 27oC and 6680 torr. How many moles of air are in the
gas that it inhaled?
Given: V = 0.347L T = 27oC P = 6680 torr
Find: n = ?
Equation:

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 General Chemistry 1

Solution:

n = 0.124 mol

II. DALTON’S PARTIAL PRESSURE

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

Source: Chang, R. & Goldsby, K. 2016. Chemistry. 12th ed. McGraw-Hill Education. New York.

The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of

the partial pressures of the individual gases in the mixture. Partial
Pressure involves mixtures of gases and the total gas pressure in a
mixture. This law is formulated by John Dalton (1801) which states
that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is just the sum of
the pressures that each gas would exert if it were present alone
which is now known as Dalton’s law of partial pressures.

Analyze the table regarding Pressure of Water Vapor at Various

Temperatures.

You would notice that as the temperature of a liquid increases, the

kinetic energy of its molecules also increases along with the energy
of the molecules. The number of molecules transitioning into a vapor
also increases, thereby increasing the vapor pressure (mmHg).
(Source:
Speight, J. (2020). Vapour Pressure. Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-
sciences/vapour-pressure. Accessed on October 22, 2020.)

Pressure of Water Vapor at Various Temperatures

Source: Chang, R. & Goldsby, K. 2016. Chemistry. 12th ed. McGraw-Hill Education. New York.

Most of the gases in the surroundings are considered as mixtures. Mixtures are composed of
different components. Consider the different gases present in the atmosphere – nitrogen, oxygen and
argon.

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 General Chemistry 1

Using the idea of Dalton’s partial pressure, the total number of moles of gases will be represented as
follows:

Expressing ntotal in terms of the number of moles of each gas and solving for Pmixture will result in

Expanding the equation, the expression becomes:

In the equation above, take note that equal to P. That’s why the equation can be written as:

The pressures P1, P2, and P3, called partial pressure of each gas, corresponds to the pressure that
the gas will exert in a volume equal to that of the mixture. According to this expression, the total pressure
of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressure of each gas. This is known as Dalton’s Law of
Partial Pressure. (Source: Commission on Higher Education. (2016). K-12 Teacher’s Guide in General
Chemistry 1. Philippines. pp.119-120.)

Consider the given examples:

1. Rovy submitted a report to her head researcher with the following data:
8.24 moles of CH4
0.421 moles of C2H6
0.116 moles of C3H8
According to the report, the total pressure of the gases was 2.22 atm, what was the partial pressure of
propane (C3H8)?
Solution:

2. Analyze the given chemical reaction below.

CaC2(s) + 2H2O(l)  Ca(OH)2(aq) + C2H2 (g)
How many grams of CaC2 would be needed to produce 10.0L (measured at STP) acetylene?

Solution:

mol of CaC2 = ? Addition of molar mass - CaC2

n = 0.446mol of CaC2

g of CaC2 = ?

Final Answer: There is 28.6g of calcium carbide(CaC 2) needed in the reaction.

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 General Chemistry 1
3. With the pressure of water vapor at 24°C, the volume of oxygen collected at 24°C and atmospheric
pressure of 762 mmHg is 128 mL. Calculate the mass (in grams) of oxygen gas obtained.

Solution:

Proceed to the Activity Sheet on page 14.

Answer Activity #1 item 2-3. After answering, return to this page.

Completion

Directions: Complete the given statement below based on the presented topics on the lesson about
ideal gas law and Dalton’s partial pressure. Accomplish this task with honesty in mind. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.

1. I learned about ______________________________________________________________

2. The lesson helped me_________________________________________________________
3. I need more examples on ______________________________________________________
4. I need more practice regarding __________________________________________________
5. I will use this information_______________________________________________________

***Answer key: Gear Up – Revisiting Concepts

1. Boyle’s Law 2. Avogadro’s Law 3. Charles’s Law

Congratulations! You have completed this lesson.

Proceed to the Assessment.
THANK YOU! 

REFERENCES:
 Chang, R. & Goldsby, K. (2016). Chemistry. 12th Ed. New York. McGraw-Hill Education. pp 171-
204
 Commission on Higher Education. (2016). K-12 Teacher’s Guide in General Chemistry 1.
Philippines. pp.110-124.
 DepEd. (2020). General Chemistry 1. First Edition. Alternative Delivery Mode. Philippines.
 OpenStax College. (2015). Chemistry. Rice University. Texas
 The Science Classroom. (2017). Gas Laws. Retrieved from
http://thescienceclassroom.org/chemistry-lessons/gases/the-gas-laws/. Accessed July 10, 2020.
 Wikicommons.https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CPR_Adult_Chest_Compression_Heart.
png – Retrieved: 07/2020
 Speight, J. (2020). Vapour Pressure. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-
and-planetary-sciences/vapour-pressure. Accessed on October 22, 2020

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 General Chemistry 1
Name of Learner: ___________________________________ Date: _________________
Grade and Section: ___________________________ Score: ________________
Parent’s Name and Signature: ___________________________

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1
ACTIVITY SHEET: (Q1: Module 3)

Activity #1: Solve and Interpret

Directions: Read and analyze the given problem. Solve the problem and box your final answer.
1. In an experiment in the synthesis of urea (NH2)2CO, 513.2g of ammonia (NH3) is treated with 1003 g of
CO2. Calculate the mass of (NH2)2CO formed. Balance the given equation and solve for the mass.
NH3(g) + CO2(g)  (NH2)2CO(aq) + H2O(l)
2. A gas sample occupies a volume of 14.0 L at 30C and 700 Torr. How many moles of gas are contained
in the sample? If the sample gas is CO2, calculate the number of grams present based on your answer (mole).
3. Analyze the data below:
8.24 moles of CH4 0.421 moles of C2H6 0.116 moles of C3H8
According to the report, the total pressure of the gases was 1.43 atm, what was the partial pressure of ethane
(C2H6)?

Activity #2: Summarize and Reflect

Directions: Analyze the given pictures below. Formulate a conclusion and reflection based on what you have
understood on the presented concepts. Your answers for each (conclusion and reflection) should not be less
than 3 sentences.
Summary of Gas Law

Schematic illustrations and

descriptions of Boyle’s law,
Charles’ law, and Avogadro’s law

Source:
Chang, R. & Goldsby, K. 2016.
Chemistry. 12th ed. McGraw-Hill
Education. New York.

Conclusion:
Reflection:

Congratulations! You have completed this activity sheet.

THANK YOU! 

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 General Chemistry 1
Name of Learner: ___________________________________ Date: _________________
Grade and Section: ___________________________ Score: ________________
Parent’s Name and Signature: ___________________________

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1
ASSESSMENT: (Q1: Module 3)

Directions: Read analyze the given parts of the assessment. Use a separate sheet of paper (long bond
paper) for your answer as attachment if necessary. (30 points)

I. Multiple Choice: Choose the BEST answer. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided
before each number. (20 points)
_____1. The law of conservation of mass states that________________
A. two elements will always form 1 type of compound.
B. the mass of the compound differs before and after the reaction.
C. the ratio of the compound depends on the number of elements and changes.
D. the mass of the products in a chemical reaction is equal the mass of the reactants.
_____2. In a closed system, if the quantities and identities of reactants for a particular reaction are known
what can be easily predicated?
A. type of reaction involved C. amount of reactants that will be made
B. amount of products that will be made D. fixed limiting reagent and excess reagent
_____3. The following are the most common units use in quantifying pressure EXCEPT _________.
A. torr B. kilopascal C. milliliter mercury D. atmospheric pressure
_____4. Jobelle went scuva diving and swimming with the butanding in Oslob Cebu. She noticed that the
air bubbles she breathe out change its size and grow bigger as it reaches the surface of the water. Which of
the following best concludes the relationship of pressure and volume based on the situation given?
A. Pressure and volume is inversely proportional at constant temperature.
B. Pressure and volume is directly proportional at constant temperature.
C. Volume of the bubble is not affected by the pressure under the sea.
D. Pressure under the sea is lesser compared to the surface.
_____5. Which of the following will be the value of 35kPa when converted to Pa?
A. 35000 Pa B. 350 Pa C. 35 Pa D. 7 Pa
_____6. How many grams of nitric acid, HNO3, can be prepared from the reactionof 138 g of NO2 with 54.0
g H2O according to the equation below? 3NO2 + H2O → 2HNO3 + NO
A. 2.99-grams B. 1.99-grams C. 126.00-grams D. 211.9-gram
_____7. What are the coefficients that will balance the skeleton equation? AlCl + NaOH Al(OH) NaCl
A. 1,3,1,3 B. 3,1,3,1 C. 1,1,1,3 D. 1,3,3,1
_____8. Chemical equations must be balanced to satisfy ___________________.
A. the Dalton’s law of partial pressure C. the law of conservation of mass
B. the ideal gas law D. Avogadro’s principle
_____9. Iron (III) oxide is formed when iron combines with oxygen in the air. How many grams of Fe O are
formed when 16.7 g of Fe reacts completely with oxygen? 4Fe + 3O2 → 2Fe2O3
A. 1.00-grams B. 2.00-grams C. 2.88-grams D. 23.0-grams
_____10. In every balanced chemical equation, each side of the equation has the same number of ____.
A. atoms of each element B. molecules C. molarity D. coefficient
_____11. When oxygen is available, sulfur dioxide is produced from the burning of sulfur. Which of the
following word equations best represents this reaction?
A. sulfur + oxygen → sulfur dioxide C. sulfur dioxide → sulfur + oxygen
B. sulfur dioxide + oxygen → sulfur D. sulfur → sulfur dioxide + oxygen
_____12. Inflating a balloon would require enough air to make the balloon firm. This is possible because air
molecules _______.
A. slow down as it moves inside the balloon. C. is denser than water molecules.
B. are low in kinetic energy. D. exert pressure on the surface of the balloon.
_____13. Which of the following units in quantifying pressure is equal to 760-mmHg?
A. 1-Pascal B. 760-atm C. 1-atm D. 1-torr
_____14. You are a diver and you are tasked to explore underwater caves in the depths of the oceans. As
you dive in, you observe that the pressure reading in your instrument is 2.2 atm. Convert this value to kPa
and torr respectively.
A. 222.92 torr: 1,672.0 kPa C. 150.21 kPa: 2,760.0 torr
B. 222.92 kPa: 1,672.0 torr D. 345.12 torr: 9,780.0 kPa

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 General Chemistry 1
_____15. To increase the volume of a deflated tire, one must increase the number of air molecules inside
the tire by pumping some air in it. This is according to _______.
A. Boyle’s law B. Charles’s law C. Avogadro’s law D. Dalton’s law of partial pressure
_____16. If the temperature of a gas triples, what happens to its volume at constant pressure and amount
of gas?
A. Increased by 30% B. Reduced to one-third C. Tripled D. No effect
_____17. Which of the following correctly illustrate the mathematical statement of ideal gas law?
A. P1V1 = P2V2 B. V1/T1 = V2/T2 C. V1/n1 = V2/n2 D. PV=nRT
_____18. At 30°C, the volume of a sample of air was 5.8-L what would be the volume of the air sample if it
is heated to 60°C at the same pressure?
A. 6.37-L B. 7.22-L C. 100-L D. 2.71-L
_____19. What is the total pressure (in atm) of a gas mixture that contains O2, N2, and He if PO2 = 150
mmHg, PN2 = 350 mm Hg, PHe = 200 mm Hg.
A. 700-atm B. 700-mmHg C. 0.92-atm D. 0.92-mmHg
_____20.The partial pressure of an individual gas depends on the
A. number of particles present in a mixture. C. total pressure of particles in a mixture
B. volume occupy by gas present in a mixture. D. all of the above.

II. Problem Solving: Solve the given problems. Show your complete solutions and box your final
answer. 5 points each. (10 points)

1. Methanol (CH3OH) and methyl bromide (CH3Br) react to form dimethylether (CH3OCH3). In that reaction,
butyl lithium (LiC4H9) will remove H+ from CH3OH considering the reaction is carried in a water-free (dry-
organic) solvent with 2.5 molar equivalents of that reagent (butyl lithium reacting with residual water in
the solvent). Calculate the amount in grams of CH 3Br and LiC4H9 that will be needed to carry out the reaction
with 15.0 g of CH3OH? CH3OH + CH3Br + LiC4H9  CH3OCH3 + LiBr + C4H10

2. Analyze the given chemical reaction: 2 C2H2(g) + 5 O2(g)  4 CO2(g) + 2 H2 (g)

How many L of CO2 gas (measured at STP) will be formed during the combustion of 50.0L C2H2 gas
(measured at STP)?

PERFORMANCE TASK (30 points)

Directions: Design an output using either multimedia, video demonstration, model or a representation
(poster making, infographic poster, etc.) regarding the application of the three gas laws and gas
behavior commonly observed in the environment or everyday life. Write a brief and concise conclusion
(not more than 5 sentences) about your output. Write your answer on a separate bond paper.
Examples are bubbles in the sea, human respiration, air in the basketball, use of aerosol can etc.

CONCLUSION:
_______________________________________________________________________________

RUBRIC FOR SCORING (Designing Output)

1 = Weak 2 = Moderately Weak 3 = Average 4 = Moderately Strong 5 = Strong
SCORE
1. The content of the lesson is clearly explained and represented.
2. The output indicates an understanding of the lessons and shows scientific accuracy.
3. Organization of work is present. Overall it is informative, cohesive and the output shows
originality of work.
4. The output is exceptionally attractive in terms of design and neatness. If there are
words present, the labels/words are properly written and correctly matched the
illustrations/pictures in the output.
5. Originality of work is present. The pictures/ideas from the internet/books or other
resources were properly.
6. The conclusion is brief and clearly explained the summary of the lesson.
TOTAL SCORE

Congratulations! You have completed this module.

THANK YOU! 
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