Practical Research 2 – Grade 11
Quarter 3 – Module 13: Review of Related Literature
First Edition, 2020
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Practical
Research 2 11
Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module13
Review of Related Literature
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:
Welcome to Practical Research 2 Self-Learning Module on Review of Related
Literature!
This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and
reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.
This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the Learner:
Welcome to Practical Research 2 Self-Learning Module on Review of Related
Literature!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills
that you will learn after completing the module.
Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson
at hand.
Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts
and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.
Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.
Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.
Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and
application of the lesson.
Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the
lesson.
Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
EXPECTATIONS
After crafting your statement of the problem, the next step to look for the basis
of your research. A literature review is a major part of any research paper because it
encapsulates the parallel ideas from books, magazines, scholarly papers, and any
other sources to your research topic. In such, a coherent review of the summary,
description, synthesis, and evaluation can be written as the basis of the study.
In this lesson, we will recall how to select the right references and cite your
references.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. select relevant literature;
2. cite related literature using standard styles; and
3. discuss the importance of reviewing related literature and citing
authors.
PRETEST
DIRECTIONS: Read the statements/questions comprehensively and choose the best
answer. Write your answer in your notebook.
1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of materials to be looked for in
writing related literature according to Samo (2012)?
A. Must be relevant to the study.
B. Materials must be as objective and unbiased as possible.
C. The coherence principle must be observed in writing a literature
review.
D. The materials must be as recent as possible, maybe up to 30 years
back.
2. Tiffany needs to look for references related to her topic “Smartphone addiction
on the student’s academic achievement”. Which of these references should she
select to be included in her review of related literature?
A. Internet Addiction on Campus: Vulnerability of College Students. 29
January 2011. Jonathan J. Kindell
B. Smartphone addiction and its relationship with study habits.
February 2016. Samet Kose & Nezrin Dibaz
C. To excel or not to excel. Strong evidence on the adverse effect of
smartphone addiction on academic performance. Nazir S. Hawi. July
2011
D. The Wired Generation: Academic and Social Outcomes of Electronic
Mail Using Among University Students. Wade C. Jacosem. 19 May
2016
3. Which of the following is the CORRECT format for Chicago citation style?
A. Tiu, p917
B. Tiu (1989)
C. R. Tiu, 1989
D. R. Tiu (1989)
4. Which of the following is a type of citation style mainly used in medical and
scientific paper?
A. American Psychological Association
B. Modern Language Association
C. Vancouver
D. Chicago
5. According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary the definitions of
“plagiarism” are the following EXCEPT:
A. to commit literary theft
B. to use (another’s production) crediting the source
C. to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one’s own
D. to present as new and original idea or product derived from an
existing source
RECAP
DIRECTION: Before proceeding with the lesson proper, identify the parts of the
statement of the problem. Write your answers in your notebook.
LESSON
As stated by USCLibraries (2019), a literature review may consist of simply a
summary of main points from related sources, but in the social sciences, it usually
has an organizational pattern and combines both summary and synthesis, often
within specific conceptual categories.
Purposes of a literature review
Aside from giving support to the topic, these are the purposes of literature
review according to Baraceros (2016):
➢ To know the different concepts, ideas, theories that are related to your study
and learn from them through connecting them with your own research paper.
➢ To have more basis in proving that your research topic is correct and relevant.
➢ To learn more terms, especially the unfamiliar ones, that are related to your
study.
➢ To connect the past researches, thesis or dissertation to your current research
study.
➢ To know the connectedness of your paper to the current situation of the
country and of the world.
SELECTING RELEVANT LITERATURE
Once you have found the articles, books, or information, you need to examine
the materials. To help you in choosing the right reference, check out these guidelines:
1. Examine the title – A good title should be specific and contains the major
variables of the study.
2. Screening for inclusion – This includes the applicability of the studies
previously identified and selecting or excluding them.
3. Extracting data – This involves gathering applicable information from each
primary study included in the review.
4. Analyzing and synthesizing data – This last step requires the authors to
organize, compare, collate, summarize, aggregate, or interpret the information
previously extracted to suggest a new contribution to the body of knowledge.
IMPORTANT!
In doing the guidelines above, you must be selective in choosing the right context.
With this, you do not have to write or copy everything, you should only choose the
words, terms, or phrases that are highly relevant and helpful to your topic. Never to
omit important ones.
Characteristics of Materials Cited
Samo, as cited in Prieto (2017), enumerated the different characteristics of the
literature and studies to be acknowledged in the present studies:
1. Materials must relevant to the research topic.
2. Materials must be as objective and unbiased as possible.
3. Materials must be as recent as possible, up to 10 years back.
CITING RELATED LITERATURE USING STANDARD STYLES
In taking down notes for your review of related literature, you should also
include where you get those details so that you can acknowledge the creator. There
are different formats in citing sources for the research paper. Here are some of the
most common citation styles:
✓ APA (American Psychological Association). It is an author/date-based citation
style. This means the emphasis is placed on the author and the date of a piece of
work to uniquely identify it. (Author, date) Author (Date)
✓ MLA (Modern Language Association). It is the most often used in arts and
humanities papers particularly in the USA. It is probably the most used of all
citation styles. Unlike in APA, MLA emphasizes on the author and page of the
article/source used. (Author page), Author (page)
✓ AMA (American Medical Association) or Vancouver. The Vancouver system is
mainly used in medical and scientific papers.
✓ Chicago Manual of Style. It includes two systems for in-text citation such as
author-date system and notes-bibliography system. The NB system is mostly
used in historical papers. It is almost similar to that of the APA in-text citation
style.
Examples:
• APA – (Reyes, 2012) or Reyes (2012)
• MLA – (Reyes p917)
• AMA/Vancouver – numbering with either square [ ] or curved brackets ( ) can
be used as long as it is consistent (i.e. Research is fun! [1])
• Chicago – (Reyes 2012) or Reyes (2012)
In writing the research paper, for this matter, you will need to use the Chicago
Manual of Style (CMOS) 17th edition format. With the mentioned two systems of
CMOS above, you will only use the author-date system. Remember that you should
always align your parenthetical citations to that of your reference list. And since you
are to use the author-date system, the term to be used for the complete list of sources
is ‘References’ rather than ‘Bibliography’.
How to Use Proper CMOS Citation
Not all the time that author is only one. There are instances that authors are
multiples and/or if the date is not available.
✓ When citing multiple authors (this refers to 2-3 authors) in a parenthetical
citation, use the word “and” instead of ampersand “&”.
✓ When citing multiple authors (this refers to 4 to 10 authors) in a parenthetical
citation, write out the last name of the first author plus “et al.” without a
comma after the last name.
✓ If there is no available date of publication, you can use the access date or use
the abbreviation “n.d.”
✓ If there is no author, cite by its title. But make sure to make it shorten (up to
four keywords).
Two Authors: (Reyes and Dalisay 2003) or Reyes and Dalisay (2003)
Four to ten authors:
Gungon et al. (2019) …
ETHICS IN LITERATURE REVIEW
A literature review is sometimes the center of plagiarism especially on the
lower school levels as the students are not fond of searching the correct articles and
reading the whole literature. Students nowadays are more tempted to copy
everything from the internet (with no citation) and submit it to the teacher. These
principles in writing would help the students to realize how important it is to give
credits and to be original.
According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, to "plagiarize" means:
✓ to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own
✓ to use (another's production) without crediting the source
✓ to commit literary theft
✓ to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing
source
Remember that if there is word-for-word copying beyond a short phrase of
someone else’s text, that selection should be enclosed in quotation marks and
referenced at the location of the article.
Protecting the Intellectual Property of the Philippines
Philippine copyright law is enshrined in the Intellectual Property Code of the
Philippines, officially known as Republic Act No. 8293. Under this law, original
intellectual creations in the literary and artistic domain are copyrightable. These
include books, pamphlets, articles, and other writings, etc.
ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1
DIRECTIONS: Read and analyze the references below. Write GO if the reference is
suited to the article and write STOP if it’s not.
TITLE: Organizational Climate of Rizal High School and Leadership Style of its
Administrators as perceived by the Students, S.Y. 2017-2018: Basis for
Transformational Leadership Training Program
References to choose from:
________1. Organizational Climate of the School and Teacher Performance
Improvement in the 21st Century
February 2018 by John Rafafy Batlolona
________2. Measuring School Climate, School Climate and Outcomes, Issues Trends
and Controversies
March 2009 by WAYNE K. HOY
________3. Workplace Climate
Regents of the University of Minnesota
January 2019
________4. The Role of Organizational Climate and Culture in the School
Improvement Process: A Review of the Knowledge Base
14 September, 2015
________5. Determination of High Schools Organizational Climate
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences
Volume 46, 2002, Pages 2947-2950
Gunes Ceyda and Peker Sevinc
ACTIVITY 2
DIRECTION: Below are literature taken from different sources and all are related to
the topic, “Introduction of Learning Commons as a New Face of Traditional
Library”. Paraphrase and use the CMOS parenthetical citation for each literature.
The Literature:
1. 21st century learners were raised together with technology that is why we can’t
question their interest in fast-facing changes in the environment. They have used
to immediate access to anything they want or need. (Torres, 2015)
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. School libraries should support the changes in the K-12 schooling that are needed
for schools to be the center of 21st century learning. (Michael Oberg, September
2015)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. A learning commons is more than a website or a room. A learning commons is
about changing the school culture and transforming the way of teaching and
learning to be better. (Loertscher, Roechlin and Rosefield, no date)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. Two reasons why libraries are changing are the shift to digital technology and the
changing student population. (Gardner and Peterson, 2005)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. The design of the learning common is based on the need of the students, teachers,
and patrons they will cater. (Chicetti, October 2018)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
ACTIVITY 3
DIRECTIONS: Based on your understanding of the selection of relevant literature
and how to cite the original author/s, write in 2 sentences the importance of
literature review in a research study. Write your answers in your notebook.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
WRAP – UP
DIRECTIONS: Complete these phrases above referring to what you have learned in
this module. Write your answers in your notebook.
I now know something about _____________________________________________________
First, __________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Second, _______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Further, _______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Finally, ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
VALUING
DIRECTIONS: Explain the quote below relative to the discussion in this module.
Write your answer in your notebook.
“There are two kinds of people, those who do the work and those who take
the credit. Try to be in the first group; there is less competition there.”
~Indira Gandhi
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
POSTTEST
DIRECTIONS: Read the statements/questions comprehensively and choose the best
answer. Write your answer in your notebook.
1. Which of the following is NOT included in the guidelines in choosing the right
literature?
A. Examine the author.
B. Analyzing and synthesizing of data
C. Screening for the applicability of the study
D. Gathering of applicable information from each primary source
2. Travis is looking for references for his study about the effects of enhanced
community quarantine on middle-class families. Which of the following references
should he OMIT?
A. Determining your social status. [Link]. January 2020
B. The Concept of Social Status. Raymond Cattell. July 2010
C. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and nationwide lockdown on trust,
attitudes toward government, and well-being. CG Sibley, LM Greaves, N
Satherley. April 2020
D. Lifetime lockdown: How isolation conditions impact prisoner reentry. M
Lowen, C Isaacs. May 2002
For questions 3 & 4.
This is from a journal article entitled “Smartphone addiction and its
relationship with social anxiety and loneliness” by Azli Enez Darcin. Published in
February 2016 in pages 520-525 of the Behavior & Information Technology, Volume
35, Issue 7, Dublin, Ireland.
3. Using the information above, which is the correct CMOS parenthetical citation?
A. According to Darcin (2015) :Social phobia was associated with the risk for
smartphone addiction in young people”. (p.520-525)
B. Darcin (520-525) emphasized that social phobia was associated with the risk
of smartphone addiction with young people.
C. Social phobia was associated with the risk of smartphone addiction to young
people (Darcin, A. 2016)
D. In the study of Darcin in 2016, he mentioned that smartphone addiction
usually starts in younger years and those with social phobia.
4. Using the information above, which is the correct MLA in-text citation?
A. According to Darcin (2015) :Social phobia was associated with the risk for
smartphone addiction in young people”. (p.520-525)
B. Darcin (520-525) emphasized that social phobia was associated with the risk
for smartphone addiction with young people.
C. Social phobia was associated with the risk of smartphone addiction to young
people (Darcin, A. 2016)
D. On the study of Darcin in 2016, he mentioned that smartphone addiction
usually starts in younger years and those with social phobia.
5. Which is NOT a reason for having reviewie of related literature?
A. To repeat previous studies.
B. To obtain background knowledge of the research.
C. To relate the study to the current condition of the world.
D. To increase understanding of the underlying theories, principles, or concepts
of the study.
KEY TO CORRECTION
problems
objectives/ A 5.
Specific B 4.
A 3.
Variable D 2.
A 1.
POSTTEST
Objective
General D 5.
C 4.
B 3.
5. STOP 4. GO 2. STOP C 2.
3. STOP 1. GO D 1.
ACTIVITY 1 PRETEST
REFERENCES
Ballera, Charlene B., Jonalyn D. Gungon, Mary Jane A. Dalisay and Renee Rose C.
Reyes. Practical research 2: learning module for senior high school.
Unpublished, 2019.
Baraceros, Esther L. “Review of Related Literature.” Content. In Practical Research 2,
1st ed., 51-61. Manila: Rex Printing Company Inc. 2019.
Prieto, Nelia.G., Victoria.C. Naval, and Teresita.G. Carey. Practical Research 2:
Quantitative. Cubao, Quezon City. Lorimar Publishing Inc. 2017.
USCLibraries. Research Guides. Retrieved from:
[Link] May 2019.
