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Characteristics of First

The document outlines the characteristics and components of five generations of computers, detailing the evolution from vacuum tubes in first-generation computers to artificial intelligence in fifth-generation computers. It highlights changes in programming languages, memory types, input/output devices, and overall size and speed. Each generation demonstrates significant advancements in technology, leading to smaller, more efficient, and powerful computing devices.

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adil saeed
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2K views3 pages

Characteristics of First

The document outlines the characteristics and components of five generations of computers, detailing the evolution from vacuum tubes in first-generation computers to artificial intelligence in fifth-generation computers. It highlights changes in programming languages, memory types, input/output devices, and overall size and speed. Each generation demonstrates significant advancements in technology, leading to smaller, more efficient, and powerful computing devices.

Uploaded by

adil saeed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Characteristics of First-Generation Computers

Characteristics Components

Main electronic component Vacuum tube.

Programming language Machine language.

Main memory Magnetic tapes and magnetic drums.

Input/output devices Paper tape and punched cards.

Very slow and very large (often taking up an


Speed and size
entire room).

Characteristics of Second-Generation Computers

Characteristics Components

Main electronic component Transistor.

Programming language Machine language and assembly language.

Memory Magnetic core and magnetic tape/disk.

Input/output devices Magnetic tape and punched cards.

Smaller in size, had low power consumption, and


Power and size generated less heat (in comparison with the
first-generation computers).
Characteristics of Third-Generation Computers

Characteristics Components

Main electronic component Integrated circuits (ICs).

Programming language High-level language.

Memory Large magnetic core, magnetic tape/disk.

Input/output devices Magnetic tape, monitor, keyboard, printer, etc.

IBM 360, IBM 370, PDP-11, NCR 395, B6500,


Examples of the third generation
UNIVAC 1108, etc.

Characteristics of Fourth-Generation Computers

Characteristics Components

Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) and the


Main electronic component microprocessor (VLSI has thousands of
transistors on a single microchip).

semiconductor memory (such as RAM, ROM,


Memory
etc.).

pointing devices, optical scanning, keyboard,


Input/output devices
monitor, printer, etc.
Characteristics Components

IBM PC, STAR 1000, APPLE II, Apple Macintosh,


Examples of the fourth generation
Alter 8800, etc.

Characteristics of Fifth-Generation Computers

Characteristics Components

Based on artificial intelligence, uses the Ultra


Large-Scale Integration (ULSI) technology and
parallel processing method (ULSI has millions of
Main electronic component
transistors on a single microchip and the Parallel
processing method use two or more
microprocessors to run tasks simultaneously).

Language Understand natural language (human language).

Size Portable and small in size.

Trackpad (or touchpad), touchscreen, pen,


Input/output device speech input (recognize voice/speech), light
scanner, printer, keyboard, monitor, mouse, etc.

Example of the fifth generation Desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, etc.

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