SOLUTIONS TO “APPLIED CIRCUIT ANALYSIS”

CHAPTER 7

Prob. 7.1

50 2
(a)  50  12  62
6 1

5 1 0
2 3 4
(b) 6 8 10  150  0  24  0  160  20  306
5 1 0
2 3 4

Prob. 7.2

4 8
(a)  20  24  44
3 5

5 3 7
1 1 4
(b) 2 2 8  40  14  24  14  40  24  0
5 3 7
1 1 4

Prob. 7.3

 2 1  I1   4 
8 3   I   5 
  2  
A I B
 1.2143 
I  A 1B   
 1.5714 
I1  1.2143A, I 2  1.5714A
Use any method of your choice
Prob. 7.4

 3 1 2   V1   4 
 2 3 1  V   14 
  2  
 7 4 3   V3   4 
A V B
1 
V  A B  5
1

3
V1  1V , V2  5V, V3  3V

Prob. 7.5

Using mesh analysis to Find I

I

V1 V2
2Ω

-
12 V - I 5V
+ +

V4 + - V3
4V

2 I  12  4  5  0
2I  3
I  1.5A

Prob. 7.6

Let I 1 be the current through the left loop, and I 2 is the current through the right loop.
We assume that the two currents are flowing clockwise. We apply KVL to the two loops.

7 I1  30  20  5 I 2  0  7 I1  5I 2  10 (1)
(2)
9 I 2  5 I1  20  0   5 I1  9 I 2  20

Solving (1) and (2) gives I1  I 2  5

Vo  4 I 2  20 V
Prob. 7.7

We apply KVL to the loops.

6i1  i2  3  0  6i1  i2  3 (1)

6i2  i1  3  0  i1  6i2  3 (2)
Solving (1) and (2) simultaneously gives:
i1  0.4286 A, i2  0.4286 A

Prob.7.8

We apply KVL to the three loops.

50  820i1  200i2  600i3  0
or 820i1  200i2  600i3  50 (1)
200i1  700i2  50i3  0 (2)
600i1  50i2  1450i3  0 (3)
Solving (1) to (3) gives
i1  97.7 mA, i2  30.9 mA, i3  41.5 mA

Prob.7.9

10 

i1
6V
2
+–

1
i2
4 i3 5
8V +
–

i
i2 i3
0
For loop 1,
6 = 12i 1 – 2i 2 3 = 6i 1 – i 2 (1)
For loop 2,
-8 = – 2i 1 +7i 2 – i 3 (2)
For loop 3,

-8 + 6 + 6i 3 – i 2 = 0 2 = – i 2 + 6i 3 (3)

We put (1), (2), and (3) in matrix form,

6  1 0  i1   3
 2  7 1  i    8 
  2   
0  1 6 i 3  2

6 1 0 6 3 0
  2  7 1  234,  2  2 8 1  240
0 1 6 0 2 6

6 1 3
 3  2  7 8  38
0 1 2

3  2  38  240
At node 0, i + i 2 = i 3 or I x = i 3 – i 2 =  = 1.188 A
  234

Prob.7.10

5A

i1

8

2

1 i3
i2
+ –
4 20V
40 V + +
–
Vo
For loop 1, i 1 = 5A (1)

For loop 2, -40 + 7i 2 – 2i 1 – 4i 3 = 0 which leads to 50 = 7i 2 – 4i 3 (2)

For loop 3, -20 + 12i 3 – 4i 2 = 0 which leads to 5 = - i 2 + 3 i 3 (3)

Solving with (2) and (3), i 2 = 10 A, i 3 = 5 A

And, V 0 = 4(i 2 – i 3 ) = 4(10 – 5) = 20 V.

Prob.7.11

Let the mesh currents be in mA. For mesh 1,

12  10  2i1  i2  0   2  2i1  i2 (1)
For mesh 2,
10  3i2  i1  i3  0  10  i1  3i2  i3 (2)
For mesh 3,
12  2i3  i2  0   12  i2  2i3 (3)
Putting (1) to (3) in m atrix form leads to

 2 1 0   i1   2 
    
 1 3 1  i2    10  
 AI  B
 0 1 2   i   12 
  3   
Using MATLAB,

 5.25 
I  A B   8.5 
1

 i1  5.25 mA, i 2  8.5 mA, i3  10.25 mA
10.25
Prob.7.12

I1  3, Applying KVL to the central loop

12  20  I 2 (19)  5I1  10 I 3  0
23  19 I 2  10 I 3  (1)
Applying KVL to the right loop
16 I 3  10 I 2  24  0
12  5 I 2  8 I 3  (2)
Solving (1) and (2)
I 2  0.6275, I 3  1.1078
I x  I 2  I 3  1.7353A

Prob.7.13

For mesh a,
30  60 I a  20 I b  0
3  6I a  2Ib  (1)
For mesh b,
80 I b  20 I a  20 I c  0
2 I a  8 I b  2 I c  0  (2)
For mesh c,
12  60 I c  20 I b  0
2 I b  6 I c  1.2  (3)
Solving (1) to (3) yields
I a  530mA
I b  90mA
I c  0.170mA
Prob. 7.14
6V

+ -

3Ω I3

Io
+
12 V 5Ω
- 4Ω
I1 I2

12  5 I1  5 I 2  0
12
I1  I 2   2.4  (1)
5
0  12 I 2  3I 3  5 I1  (2)
6  3I 3  3I 2  0
I3  I 2  2  (3)
Solving (1) to (3) simultaneously gives
I1  6.9, I 2  4.5, I 3  6.5
I o  I 2  4.5 A

Prob.7.15

For mesh 1
12  5 I1  2 I 2  0
12  5 I1  2 I 2  (1)
For mesh 2
4+6I 2  2 I1  0
2   I1  3I 2  (2)
(2)  5  10  5 I1  15 I 2  (2)a
2
(1)  (2)a  2  13 I 2  I2   0.1538
13
6
From (2), I1  2  3I 2  2   2.462
13
I1  2.462A, I 2  0.1538A
Prob.7.16

5( I1  I 3 )  3( I1  I 2 )  10
 8 I1  3I 2  5I 3  10
6 I 2  3( I 2  I1 )  8( I 2  I 3 )  0
 3I1  17 I 2  8I 3  0
5( I 3  I1 )  8( I 3  I 2 )  20
 5 I1  8 I 2  13I 3  20

Prob.7.17

I 2  3 A, I3  5 A
(14  7  8) I1  (8) I 2  (7) I 3  10
29 I1  8I 2  7 I 3  10
4 I 2  (4  6) I 4  12
4 I 2  10 I 4  12
3I 2  1I 3  (1  3) I 5  12  0
3I 2  I 3  4 I 5  12

Prob.7.18
3A
5Ω

I2

+ 4Ω
12V +
- -
I1 I3 2Ω
1Ω

8Ω I4 6Ω
I 2  3A
5I1  8( I1  I 4 )  12  13I1  8I 4  12 (1)
2 I 3  1( I 3  I 4 )  4( I 3  I 2 )  0
2 I3  I3  I 4  4I3  4I 2  0
7 I3  I 4  4 I 2  7 I 3  I 4  12 (2)
8( I 4  I1 )  6 I 4  1( I 4  I 3 )  0
8I 4  8I1  6 I 4  I 4  I 3  0
 3
8I1  I 3  15 I 4  0

Solving (1) to (3) simultaneously, we get

I1  1.4867, I 2  1.8451, I 3  0.9159
I  I 3  I 4  0.9292 A
V  8( I1  I 4 )  4.566V

Prob. 7.19
3

i3

1 2

2 i1 i2 16 V +
–
2I 0

i1 i2
0
(a)

1 2

16V
+ +
2 +
i1 V0 V0 i2 –
or –

(b)
For the supermesh in figure (a),

3i 1 + 2i 2 – 3i 3 + 16 = 0 (1)

At node 0, i 2 – i 1 = 2I 0 and I 0 = -i 1 which leads to i 2 = -i 1 (2)

For loop 3, -i 1 –2i 2 + 6i 3 = 0 which leads to 6i 3 = -i 1 (3)

Solving (1) to (3), i 1 = (-32/3)A, i 2 = (32/3)A, i 3 = (16/9)A

I 0 = -i 1 = 10.667 A, from fig. (b), V 0 = i 3 -3i 1 = (16/9) + 32 = 33.78 V.

Prob. 7.20

4 i1 2
i3
10 

8
60 V +
– i2

3I 0

i2 i3

For loop 1, 16i 1 – 10i 2 – 2i 3 = 0 which leads to 8i 1 – 5i 2 – i 3 = 0 (1)

For the supermesh, -60 + 10i 2 – 10i 1 + 10i 3 – 2i 1 = 0

or -6i 1 + 5i 2 + 5i 3 = 30 (2)

Also, 3I 0 = i 3 – i 2 and i 0 = i 1 which leads to 3i 1 = i 3 – i 2 (3)

Solving (1), (2), and (3), we obtain i 1 = 1.731 and I 0 = i 1 = 1.731 A

Prob. 7.21
 +
V0 2  i2 8
–
3A i2
VS +
– i1 i3

4 i3 + 2V 0
–

For mesh 1,

2(i 1 – i 2 ) + 4(i 1 – i 3 ) – 12 = 0 which leads to 3i 1 – i 2 – 2i 3 = 6 (1)

For the supermesh, 2(i 2 – i 1 ) + 8i 2 + 2v 0 + 4(i 3 – i 1 ) = 0

But v 0 = 2(i 1 – i 2 ) which leads to -i 1 + 3i 2 + 2i 3 = 0

(2)

For the independent current source, i 3 = 3 + i 2 (3)

Solving (1), (2), and (3), we obtain,

i 1 = 3.5 A, i 2 = -0.5 A, i 3 = 2.5 A.

Prob. 7.22

At node 1,

V1 V1 V V
  6 1 2 60 = - 8V 1 + 5V 2 (1)
10 5 2

At node 2,
V2 V V
 3 6 1 2 36 = - 2V 1 + 3V 2 (2)
4 2

Solving (1) and (2),

 V 1 = 0 V, V 2 = 12 V

Prob. 7.23

V0 V0 V0
64   0
2 4 8
16  4V0  2Vo  V0  7Vo
16
V0   2.286V
7

Prob.7.24

Using nodal analysis,

12  Vx 9  Vx Vx
 
5 10 2
24  2Vx  9  Vx  5Vx
33
8Vx  33  Vx   4.125V
8

Prob.7.25

At node 1, V1  24, At node 2

V1  V2 V2 V2  V3
 
10 10 10
V1  V2  2V2  V3
24  3V2  V3  (1)
Also at node 3
V3  0
V2  8V
V1  24, V2  8V, V3  0V

Prob. 7.26
12  V1 V1 V1  V2
 
8 10 4
15  1.25V1  V1  2.5V1  2.5V2
15  4.75V1  2.5V2  (1)
V1  V2 V2  24 V2
 
4 2 1
V1  V2  2V2  48  4V2
V1  3V2  48  (2)
Solving (1) and (2) with MATLAB
V1  6.383
V2  18.13

Prob. 7.27

Apply KCL to the top node.

30  V0 20  V0 V0
  V 0 = 20 V
2k 5k 4k

Prob.7.28

At node number 2, [(v 2 + 2) – 0]/10 + v 2 /4 = 3 or v 2 = 8 V

But, I = [(v 2 + 2) – 0]/10 = (8 + 2)/10 = 1 A and v 1 = 8x1 = 8V

Prob. 7.29
At node 1
V V V
6 1  1 2
2 1
12  V1  2V1  2V2
12  3V1  2V2  (1)
At node 2
V V V
2 1 2  2
1 4
8  4V1  4V2  V2
8  4V1  5V2  (2)
From (1) and (2), we obtain
V1  10.857
V2  10.286
V1  V2
I0   571mA
1
Prob. 7.30

–+
v2
v1 v3
10 V
2 2 + +
5A
v1 v3
4 8 – –

(a) (b)

v 2  v1 v 2  v3
At node 2, in Fig. (a), 5 =  10 = - v 1 + 2v 2 - v 3 (1)
2 2

v 2  v1 v 2  v 3 v1 v 3
At the supernode,    40 = 2v 1 + v 3 (2)
2 2 4 8

From Fig. (b), - v 1 - 10 + v 3 = 0 v 3 = v 1 + 10 (3)

Solving (1) through (3), we obtain v 1 = 10 V, v 2 = 20 V = v 3

Prob. 7.31
V1 V2
At the supernode, 5 + 2 =  70 = V 1 + 2V 2 (1)
10 5

Considering Fig. (b), - V 1 - 8 + V 2 = 0 V2 = V1 + 8 (2)

Solving (1) and (2),

V 1 = 18 V, V 2 = 26 V
V1 V2
–+

5A 2A 8V
+ +
10  5
V1 V2
– –

(a) (b)
Prob. 7.32
V

i1 i 2 =3 A i3

is
2Ω 4Ω 6Ω

V  3  4  12V
V 12
i1    6A
2 2
V 12
i3    2A
6 6
is  i1  i2  i3  6  3  2  11A

Prob.7.33

6Ω i3
i1
i2 +

vs + 4Ω 5Ω 10V
-
-

10 10
i1   2A, i2   2.5A,
5 4
i3  i1  i2  4.5
vs  6i3  10  4.5  6  10  37V

Prob. 7.34
At node 1, 5V1  (V1  V2 )  1  1  6V1  V2 (1)
At node 2, 4  (V1  V1 )  2V2  4  V1  3V2 (2)
Solving (1) and (2) yields:
V1  0.4118 V, V2  1.4706 V
Prob. 7.35

At node 1, Vo  12V
Also, applying KCL at node 1,
12-V1 8  V1 V1  V2
   20  11V1  6V2 (1)
2 3 1
At node 2,
12  V2 V1  V2 V2
2    100  20V1  29V2 (2)
4 1 5
Solving (1) and (2) gives
V1  5.9296 V, V2  7.5377 V

Prob. 7.36

2 mA

V 1` 8 kΩ V2
Vo

3 mA 4 kΩ 2 kΩ 1 mA

At node 1,
V1 V1  V2
3mA = 2mA +   8  3V1  V2 (1)
4k 8k
At node 2,
V1  V2 V2
1mA +2mA+   V1  5V2  24 (2)
8k 2k
From (1) and (2),
Vo  V2  5.714 V
Prob. 7.37
8Ω

2Ω 3Ω 1Ω
V2 V3
V1 V4

+
10 V - 6Ω 7Ω

grounded

V1  10

V
V4  5
V
1 1 1 1 1
At node 2 :    V2    V3    V1  (0)V4  0
 2 6 3 3 2
1
V2    V3  5
3
1  1 1 1 1
At node 3 :    V2      V3   0  V1    V4  0
3  3 7 1 1
1
   V2  1.476V3  5
3
1
V2  V3  5
3
 V2  4.428V3  15
4.095V3  20  V3  4.884V
V2  6.628V
Prob. 7.38

5Ω
I1
- +

- V + 3 1Ω
1
2Ω I
I3
- -
5V 3Ω + 5V
+
I2
4 2
4Ω

1 1
At node (1) :   V1  (0)V2    V3  (0)V4  I1  I 2
1 1
1 1 1 1
At node (2) :  0  V1     V2    V3  ( )V4  I 2
3 4 3 4
1 1 1 1 1 
At node (3) :   V1    V2      V3  (0)V4  0
1 3 1 2 3 
1 1
At node (4) :  0  V1    V2   0  V3    V4  I 3
4 4
From the circuit :V1  5, V2  V1  5  10, V3  4.55, V4  5
10 11
Using node 3  5   V3  0
3 6
V  V2 4.55  10
V  V3  4.55v, I 3   1.82A
3 3

Prob. 7.39

I 2Ω

2Ω V2 + V - V3 2Ω V4
V1
2Ω

5A 3Ω 3Ω 5A
 1 1 1 1
At node (1):    V1    V2   0  V3    V4  5
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
At node (2):    V1      V2    V3   0  V4  0
2 2 3 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
At node (3):  0  V1    V2      V3    V4  0
2 2 3 2 2
1 1 1 1
At node (4):    V1   0  V2    V3     V4  5
2 2 2 2

 1 1   V1   5 
 1  2 0  2    
    
  1 4  1 0   V2   0 
 2 3 2    
 1 4 1     
 0     V3   0 
 2 3 2    
 1 1    
 0  1   V   5
 2 2   4   
Using MATLAB, we obtain
V1  3.6673,V2  1.002, V3  1.002,V4  3.6673
V  V2  V3  2.004 V
V2  V4
I  3.6673 A
2

Prob. 7.40

4Ω

I
+ V -
1 2
3Ω
+
15 A 2Ω 12 V
-
V2  12V at node 2
1 1 1 1 1
At node 1 :     12       V1  15A
3 4 2 3 4
 (2)(3)  (2)(4)   (2)(3)(4) 
V1   12   15
 (2)(3)  (2)(4)  (3)(4)   (2)(3)  (2)(4)  (3)(4) 
168 360 528
V1     20.31V
23 26 26
V  V1 -V2  20.31  12  8.31V
V2 -V1 12  20.31
I   2.08A
4 4

Prob. 7.41

V1 4 V2

6A 8
10 A
2

At node 1,

6 = V 1 /(8) + (V 1 - V 2 )/4 48 = 3V 1 – 2V 2 (1)

At node 2,

V 1 - V 2 /4 = V 2 /2 + 10 40 = V 1 – 3V 2 (2)

Solving (1) and (2),

V 1 = 9.143V, V 2 = -10.286 V

V 2  9.143
2

P 8 = 1   10.45 W
8 8
 V1  V2 
2

P 4 =  94.37 W
4

V 2  10.286 
2

P 2 = 2   52.9 W
2 2

Prob.7.42

Vx  0 Vx  0
2   0.2Vx  0
10 20

0.35V x = 2 or V x = 5.714 V.

Prob. 7.43

Let V 1 be the unknown node voltage to the right of the 250-Ω resistor. Let the ground
reference be placed at the bottom of the 50-Ω resistor. This leads to the following nodal
equation:

V1  12 V1  0 V1  60I b  0
  0
250 50 150
which leads to

3V1  36  15V1  5V1  300I b  0

12  V1
But I b  . Substituting this into the nodal equation leads to
250

24.2V1  50.4  0 or V 1 = 2.083 V.

Thus, I b = (12 – 2.083)/250 = 39.67 mA.

Prob.7.44

First, we need to identify the reference node. Next we need to identify all the unknown
nodes. Finally, we need to write the nodal equations and solve the problem.

Node 1,
[(V 1 –0)/8] + 4 +[(V 1 –V 3 )/1] = 0 or 1.125V 1 – V 3 = –4

Node 2,
–4 + [(V 2 –0)/2] + 2i o = 0 (note, the constraint equation gives us i o =
0.125V 1 )
which leads to 0.25V 1 + 0.5V 2 = 4

Node 3,
–2i o + [(V 3 –0)/4] + [(V 3 –V 1 )/1] = –1.25V 1 + 1.25V 3 = 0 or V 1 = V 3

Substituting V 3 = V 1 into the first equation we get,

1.125V 1 – V 1 = 0.125V 1 = 4 or V 1 = 32 V.

Since i o = 0.125V 1 , we get,

i o = 4 A.
Prob.7.45

R11  4  2  6, R22  2  8  2  12, R33  2  5  7

R12  2, R13  0, R23  2
V1  12, V2  8, V3  20
The mesh current equations are:
 6 2 0   i1   12 
 2 12 2  i    8 
  2  
 0 2 7  i3   20 

We use MATLAB to get

i1  2.195, i2  0.584, i3  2.69
P8  i R  (0.584) (8)  2.73W
2
2
2

Prob.7.46

There are 3 meshes,

R11  2  8  6  16
R22  8  3  1  12
R33  3  4  7
R12  8, R13  0
R23  3
R31  0, R32  3
V1  24, V2  9, V3  6
16 8 0   I1   24 
 8 12 3  I    9 
  2  
 0 3 7   I 3   6 
Prob. 7.47

We have 3 meshes and so 3  3 resistance matrix

R11  100  150  800  1050
R22  150  240  600  990
R33  750  800  600  2150
R12  150, R13  800, R21  150, R23  600
1050 150 800   i1   24 
    
 150 990 600  i2    10 
 800 600 2150  i3   10 

Prob. 7.48

G 11 = (1/1) + (1/4) = 1.25, G 22 = (1/1) + (1/2) = 1.5

G 12 = -1 = G 21 , i 1 = 6 – 3 = 3, i 2 = 5-6 = -1

1.25  1  v 1   3 
Hence, we have,   1 1.5  v     1
  2   

1
1.25  1 1 1.5 1 
  1 1.5  , where  = [(1.25)(1.5)-(-1)(-1)] = 0.875
    1 1.25

 v 1  1.7143 1.1429  3  3(1.7143)  1(1.1429)  4

 v   1.1429 1.4286   1  3(1.1429)  1(1.4286)  2
 2       

Clearly v 1 = 4 volts and v 2 = 2 volts

Prob. 7.49

By inspection, G 11 = 1 + 3 + 5 = 9S, G 22 = 1 + 2 = 3S, G 33 = 2 + 5 = 7S

G 12 = -1, G 13 = -5, G 21 = -1, G 23 = -2, G 31 = -5, G 32 = -2
i 1 = 4, i 2 = 2, i 3 = 1

We can either use matrix inverse as we did in Problem 3.51 or use Cramer’s Rule. Let us
use Cramer’s rule for this problem. First, we develop the matrix relationships.
  9 1 5  V1   4 
 1 3 2  V    2 
  2  
 5 2 7  V3  1 

9 1  5 4 1  5
  1 3  2  51, 1  2 3  2  119
5 2 7 1 2 7

9 4 5 9 1 4
 2   1 2  2  167,  3   1 3 2  140
5 1 7 5 2 1

V 1 =  1 / = 119/51 = 2.333 volts,

V 2 =  2 / = 167/51 = 3.275 volts
V 3 =  3 / = 140/51 = 2.745 volts

Prob. 7.50

The circuit has only two nodes.

1 1 1
G11     1.375
1 8 4
1 1 1
G22     1.75
1 2 4
1
G12  G21   1
1
i1  4, i2  3
Hence
1.375 1   V1   4 
     
 1 1.75  V2   3

Prob. 7.51

The circuit has 4 nodes

 1 1 1 1 1
G11    0.6, G22     1
10 2 2 4 4
1 1 1
G33   0.25, G44    1.25
4 1 4
1
G12    0.5, G13  G14  0
2
1
G23    0.25, G34  0
4
i1  3, i2  2, i3  1, i4  1  6  5
Hence
 0.6 0.5 0 0   V1   3 
 0.5
 1 0.25 0.25  V2   2 

 0 0.25 0.25 0   V3   1
    
 0 0.25 0 1.25   V4   5

Prob. 7.52

R 1 R 2  R 2 R 3  R 3 R 1 100  100  100

(a) Ra =   30
R3 10
R a = R b = R c = 30 

30x 20  30x50  20x 50 3100

(b) Ra    103.3
30 30
3100 3100
Rb   155, R c   62
20 50
R a = 103.3 , R b = 155 , R c = 62 

Prob. 7.53

RaRc 12 * 12
(a) R1 =   4
Ra  Rb  Rc 36
R1 = R2 = R3 = 4 

60x30
(b) R1   18
60  30  10
60 x10
R2   6
100
 30x10
R3   3
100
R 1 = 18, R 2 = 6, R 3 = 3

Prob. 7.54

(a) 30 30  15 and 30 20  30 x 20 /(50)  12

R ab = 15 (12  12)  15x 24 /(39)  9.231 

a a
20  12 
30 
30  30  15 
30 
12 
20 
b b

(b) Converting the T-subnetwork into its equivalent  network gives

R a'b' = 10x20 + 20x5 + 5x10/(5) = 350/(5) = 70 

R b'c' = 350/(10) = 35, Ra'c' = 350/(20) = 17.5 

Also 30 70  30 x 70 /(100)  21 and 35/(15) = 35x15/(50) = 10.5

R ab = 25 + 17.5 (21  10.5)  25  17.5 31.5
R ab = 36.25 

Prob. 7.55

(a) Converting one  to T yields the equivalent circuit below:

30 
a’
4
20  20 
a c’
60 
5 80 
b’
b

40 x10 10 x50 40x50

R a'n =  4, R b 'n   5, R c 'n   20
40  10  50 100 100
 R ab = 20 + 80 + 20 + (30  4) (60  5)  120  34 65
R ab = 142.32 

(b)We combine the resistor in series and in parallel.

30x 60
30 (30  30)   20
90

We convert the balanced  s to Ts as shown below:

a a
30  30 
30  10 
30 
20  10  10 
30 
b
30 
10 

10  10  20 
b

R ab = 10 + (10  10) (10  20  10)  10  20  20 40

R ab = 33.33 

Prob. 7.56

(a) Rab  50  100 / /(150  100  150 )  50  100 / /400  130 

(b) Rab  60  100 / /(150  100  150 )  60  100 / /400  140 

Prob. 7. 57

We convert the T to  .

I0
a I0
a
24 V 20  60 
40  140 
+ 24 V 60 
-
10  50  + 35 
-
20  70 
70 
b
R eq
R
b
R eq R
 R 1 R 2  R 2 R 3  R 3 R 1 20 x 40  40 x10  10 x 20 1400
R ab =    35
R3 40 40
R ac = 1400/(10) = 140, R bc = 1400/(20) = 70
70 70  35 and 140 || 60  140x60/(200) = 42
R eq = 35 (35  42)  24.0625
I 0 = 24/(R ab ) = 0.9974A

Prob. 7.58

We need to find R eq and apply voltage division. We first tranform the Y network to  .
30  30 

16  15  10  16  37.5 
a b
+ + 30  20 
20 
100 V 35  12  100 V 35 
45 
- -
c
R eq R eq

15x10  10x12  12x15 450

R ab =   37.5
12 12
R ac = 450/(10) = 45, R bc = 450/(15) = 30

Combining the resistors in parallel,

30||20 = (600/50) = 12 ,

37.5||30 = (37.5x30/67.5) = 16.667 

35||45 = (35x45/80) = 19.688 

R eq = 19.688||(12 + 16.667) = 11.672

By voltage division,

11.672
v = 100 = 42.18 V
11.672  16
Prob. 7.59

We first convert the delta sub network into Wye

10 10 100
R1    3.3333
10  10  10 30

1 Ix 3.33Ω 2 3.33Ω 6Ω

1A
5Ω
20 +3.33 Ω 24V

Applying KCL at node 1

V1 V1 -V2
1 
5 10
3
or
10  5V1  3V2  (1)
Apply KCL at node 2
V1  V2 24  V2 V2
 
10 / 3 6  10 / 3 20  10 / 3
V1  V2 24  V2 V2
 
10 28 70
Multiplying through by 70 gives
60  7V1  10.5V2  (2)
Solving (1) and (2) gives
V1  9.048
V2  11.746
V1  V2 9.048  11.746
Ix    -0.8095A
10 / 3 3.333
Prob. 7.60

The schematic is shown above. From it,

i 1 = i 2 = 428.6 mA

Prob. 7.61

The schematic is shown above. From it, we get

i 1 = 99.61 mA, i 2 = 31.84 mA, i 3 = 42.3 mA

Prob. 7.62

The schematic is shown above. From it, we get

V 1 = 24 V, V 2 = 8 V, and V 3 = 0 V.

Prob. 7.63

The schematic is shown above. From it,

V 1 = 12.35 V, V 2 = 8.824 V, V 3 = 4.824 and V 4 = -2.235 V.
Prob. 7.64

The simulated circuit is shown above. From it,

V 1 = 18 V and V 2 = 26 V.

Prob. 7.65

From the simulated circuit above, V o = 20 V.

Prob. 7.66

From the simulated circuit shown above, I x = -810 mA.

Prob. 7.67

The schematic is shown above. From it, V o = 10.69 V

Prob. 7.68
I E  IC  I B  IC
Since I B  0, the 30k  and 10k  resistors are in series.
Using voltage division,
10 15
V10 k  (15V)   3.75V
10  30 4
Applying KVL around the lower loop,
3.75  VBE  1000 I E  0
3.75  0.7  1000 I E
I E  3.05mA
I E  I c  3.05mA
VEO  3.75  0.7  4.45
VCI  VEO  15  VCO  15  3.05  11.95V

Prob. 7.69

V i = V BE + 40k I B (1)

5 = V CE + 2k I C (2)

If I C = I B = 75I B and V CE = 2 volts, then (2) becomes 5 = 2 +2k(75I B )

which leads to I B = 20 A.

Substituting this into (1) produces, V i = 0.7 + 0.8 = 1.5 V.

2 k

40 k IB
+
+ V BE
Vi +
–
- 5v
-
Prob. 7.70

1 k

10 k IB i2
+
+ V CE
+ V BE –
Vs +
–
- i1 +
18V
-
500 
V0
IE –

For loop 1, -V s + 10k(I B ) + V BE + I E (500) = 0 = -V s + 0.7 + 10,000I B + 500(1 + )I B

which leads to V s + 0.7 = 10,000I B + 500(151)I B = 85,500I B

But, v 0 = 500I E = 500x151I B = 4 which leads to I B = 5.298x10-5

Therefore, V s = 0.7 + 85,500I B = 5.23 V

Prob.7.71

We first determine the Thevenin equivalent for the input circuit.

R Th = 6||2 = 6x2/8 = 1.5 k and V Th = 2(3)/(2+6) = 0.75 volts

5 k

IC
1.5 k IB i2
+
+ V CE
+ V BE –
+
–
0.75 V - i1 +
9V
-
400 
V0
IE –

For loop 1, -0.75 + 1.5kI B + V BE + 400I E = 0 = -0.75 + 0.7 + 1500I B + 400(1 + )I B
 I B = 0.05/81,900 = 0.61 A

V 0 = 400I E = 400(1 + )I B = 49 mV

For loop 2, -400I E – V CE – 5kI C + 9 = 0, but, I C = I B and I E = (1 + )I B

V CE = 9 – 5kI B – 400(1 + )I B = 9 – 0.659 = 8.341 V