Lesson 27-3 Identifying Asymptotes, Graphing Rational Functions
Learning Targets: • Determine the horizontal and vertical asymptotes of a rational
function. • Graph a rational function on the coordinate plane.
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27-13 27 - 2
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1. When using a function to model a situation like the fee per camper,
-
only use those values that make sense in the context of the situation.
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a. Name the value for which function ( )
and explain how you determined the value.
is not defined
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A sketch of the ( ) is shown below.
* 0 X
i
-
HOY
VOX
=
·
i
b. What are the domain and range of the function above? Write your
answer using set notation and interval notation.
Set Notation Interval Notation
(-0 30) U (30 a)
ENER
Domain: x + 303 , ,
Range: * 453 (-
45)0(45, 00)
0
,
HOY =
vx =
If the y values of a function f approach some number a as x approaches
both (left) and (right), the line y = a is called a horizontal
asymptote of f. Note the y in the equation.
If the y values of a function f increase or decrease without bound
(approach or ) as x approaches some number b, then the line x = b
is a vertical asymptote of f. Note the x in the equation.
2. The graph below shows the function.
↓
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a. Write the equations of the
horizontal and vertical x
-
2= 0
-.........
-
---
x= 2
asymptotes. ( ) ↑
Vertical Asymptote:
2
O X = 2
Horizontal Asymptote:
y =
4
b. What do you notice about the equation of the vertical asymptote in
relation to the denominator of the function?
is the of
Asymptote value X
that makes the denominator
equal to zero
.
3. Write the equations of the vertical and horizontal asymptotes of
HOY
-
( ) from #1.
O VUX
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Vertical Asymptote: 30 Horizontal Asymptote: y = 45
x =
To graph a rational function, examine the equation and begin with key
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aspects, such as asymptotes and intercepts. Then fill in the “missing
-
pieces” by plotting a few points around the asymptotes and intercepts.
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=>
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4. Use the function ( )
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for a – e.
>
= O ?
-
a. Is ( ) a rational function? Explain your reasoning.
of two polynomials
Es motient
↑
b. For what value of x is the function undefined? What does this tell you
x +3
0 =
about the graph?
- x 3
-
=
asymptote
vert .
c. Look at the table to examine the end behavior of the function. Then,
write the equation of the horizontal asymptote.
-
- >
-
O -
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values approach
from
=
2
p ye
<
&
Y
=0
T
X =
0
x- andO
d. Find the exact values of theO y-intercepts algebraically.
()
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( )
(0 3)
,
-
2( b)
- -
9 -
=
12-9 =
20 = 2x
-
9
- - =
-
3 =3
-
6 +3 9 = 2x
= 7
x= 9/2
C
4 5 0)
..
,
e. Sketch the graph of ( ) on the grid below. Include each piece of
information you found in parts a–d. Use dashed lines to indicate
asymptotes.
*
↑-
-7
·
-
- -
---&-
↑ - - - - -
-
y = 2
↓-
>
7 5
.
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5. Use the function ( ) and the table for a – c.
D =0
& &
a. Identify any asymptotes of f.
x = 3
Vertical Asymptote:
-
Horizontal Asymptote:
Y = 1
b. Identify theO
x- and y-intercepts of f.
I
( ) -
(x 3)0
-
=
X -
3
(X -
3
(f) = =
==
x =
-
2 (0 ,
-
2/3)
(2 ,
0)
c. Sketch the graph of f.
X =3
I
...... &
·
...
2
