Simple Machine

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

[Link] is work said to be done by a force?

Answer: Work is said to be done if the force applied on the body moves
it. If no motion or charge in position takes place, no work is said to be
done.
[Link] is energy?
Answer: The capacity of doing work is called energy.
[Link] do you understand by a machine?
Answer: A machine is a device which helps us to do work more easily
by applying less force and spending less energy.
[Link] is the principle on which a machine works?
Answer: A machine does not work by itself .When energy is applied to
it (or work is done on it),it does some useful work. To do work on a
machine ,a force is applied .This applied force is called the effort
(symbol E).As a result of this force ,the machine lifts or moves an object
called the load (symbol L) in order to do work.
[Link] two functions of a machine.
Answer: the two functions of a machine are as follows:
i)It decreases the magnitude of the force required ,i.e. the effort is less
than the [Link]: A jack is used to lift a car.
ii) It increases the distance moved by the load. Example: In a pair of
scissors, its arms move longer on cloth(or paper) than its handle while in
use.
[Link] the term “work input” and “work output” in relation to a
machine.
Answer: Work input: The work that you do on a machine is called work
input. and Work output: The work is done by the machine on an object is
called work output.
[Link] the term mechanical advantage of a machine.
Answer: The mechanical advantage of a machine is the ratio of the load
to the effort ,i.e.
Mechanical advantage = load/ Effort.
[Link] the term efficiency of a machine.
Answer: The efficiency of a machine is the ratio of the useful work done
on the load by the machine to the work put into the machine by the effort
,i.e. Efficiency = Work output / work input.
[Link] is an ideal machine?
Answer:A machine in which no part of the work done on the machine is
wasted ,is called an ideal or perfect machine.
[Link] a machine have an efficiency of 100% ? Give a reason to
support your answer.
Answer:No Machine is perfect and can have an efficiency of
100%,because some part of the work done on a machine is always used
up (or wasted ) in overcoming the friction between the moving parts of
the [Link], the work output of a machine is always less than
the work input.
11.”A machine is 75% efficient “.What do you understand by this
statement?
Answer: If a machine is 75% efficient ,it means that 75% of the work
input to the machine is obtained as the useful work output. The
remaining 25% of the work input has been wasted in overcoming
friction.
[Link] is lever?
Answer: A lever is a simple machine which we most commonly use in
our daily life .In its simplest form ,it is a rod which can turn about a
fixed point called the fulcrum.
[Link] do you mean by the mechanical advantage of a lever?
Answer: The mechanical advantage of a lever is equal to the ratio of the
effort arm to the load arm. i.e.
Mechanical advantage of a lever = Effort arm / load arm.
[Link] class of lever has the mechanical advantage always more
than 1? Give an example?
Answer: The mechanical advantage of class II levers is always more
than one. Example: nut cracker, wheel barrow, paper cutter etc.
[Link] class of lever has the mechanical advantage always less
than 1? Give an example?
Answer: The mechanical advantage of class III levers is always less than
one. Example: a pair of tongs, sugar tongs, knife etc.
[Link] one example of class I lever in each case where the
mechanical advantage is (i) More than 1.(ii) equal to 1 (iii) Less
than 1.
Answer: (i) More than 1: a pair of pliers ,.(ii) equal to 1: a beam balance
(iii) Less than 1: A pair of scissors .
17. Name the class to which the following levers belong :
Answer:
(a)A pair of scissors. Class 1
(b)A nut cracker. Class 2
( c )A beam balance . Class 1
(d)A wheel barrow. Class 2
(e)A pair of pliers. Class 1
(f)A lemon squeezer. Class 2
(g)A pair of sugar Class 3
tongs.
(h)An oar rowing a Class 1
boat .
(i)A see saw . Class 1
(j)A crowbar. Class 1

18. The diagram given below shows the three kinds of levers .Name
the class of each lever and give one example of each class.
Answer: self ..page no 61
[Link] can you increase the mechanical advantage of a lever?
Answer: The mechanical advantage of a lever can be increased by
increasing the effort arm or reducing the load arm.
[Link] does the friction at the Fulcrum affect the mechanical
advantage of a lever?
Answer: Friction at the fulcrum reduces the mechanical advantages of a
lever.
21. State three differences between the three classes of lever.
Answer:
Class I Class II Class III
[Link] has the fulcrum [Link] has the load [Link] has the effort
between the load and between the fulcrum between the fulcrum
the effort. and the effort. and the load.
[Link] effort arm can [Link] effort arm is [Link] effort arm is
be shorter ,equal to or always longer than the always shorter than the
longer than the load load arm. load arm.
arm.
3. The mechanical [Link] mechanical [Link] mechanical
advantage can be less advantage is always advantage is always
than, equal to or greater than 1 less than 1.
greater than 1.
4. The load and the [Link] load and the [Link] load and the
effort both are in the effort are in opposite effort are in opposite
same direction. direction. direction.
[Link] is a pulley?
Answer: A pulley is a simple machine which is used for raising a load
up by applying the effort downwards.
[Link] is the mechanical advantage of an ideal pulley?
Answer:The mechanical advantage of an ideal pulley is one .
[Link] is screw? Give two examples.
Answer: A screw is a simple machine which appears like an inclined
plane wound around a rod with a pointed tip. example:A drill, spinning
stool.
[Link] is wheel and axle? Give two examples.
Answer: A wheel and axle is also a simple machine. It consists of either
a wheel attached to an axle or two wheels of different diameters
attached together. Example: Steering wheel of a car, bicycle pedal, door
knob.
[Link] does a wheel help in moving the axle?
Answer: The wheel is a circular object which is capable of rotating on its
[Link] the wheel rotates,the axle also rotates with it and advances
linearly.
[Link] is wadge? Give two example .
Answer: A wedge is a simple machine having a sharp edge which is
formed by putting two inclined planes together. Example: knife,axe
,plough.
[Link] the machine to which the following belong:
a)Beam balance : A lever(lever of class I )
(b) Lemon crusher: A lever (lever of class II)
(c) Sugar tongs: A lever (lever of class III)
(d) Ramp:An inclined plane
(e) Door knob: Wheel and axle.
(f) Needle: Wedge.
[Link] care would you take to increase the life span of a machine
which you use?
Answer: Care of Machine are as follows:
i)We should keep the machines clean and free from dust.
ii) If the parts of the machine are made of iron ,they can rust .To prevent
them from rusting, such parts must be painted.
iii) Friction causes wear and tear of the moving parts of a machine .To
reduce friction, these parts must be properly lubricated from time to
time.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

[Link] six simple machines. Give an example of each machine.

Answer: i)The lever e.g. mango cutter,beam balance, a pair of scissors
etc.
ii) The pulley e.g. water well, crane , etc.
iii)The wheel and axle e.g. door knob, steering wheel,etc.
iv)The inclined plane e.g. staircase ,ramp , etc.
v) The wedge e.g. needle ,axe, etc.
vi) The screw e.g. bolt, jar lid, drill etc.

[Link] three orders of levers giving an example of each .Draw

neat diagrams showing the positions of fulcrum ,load and effort in
each kind of lever.
Answer: Levers are divided into three classes depending on the position
of the fulcrum,effort and [Link] are (1) class I, (2) class II , (3) class
III.
[Link] of Class I: The levers in which the fulcrum is in between the
load and effort are called levers of class [Link]: a see-saw, a pair of
scissors , a pair of pliers etc.
Fig: page no 53.
[Link] of Class II: The levers in which the load is in between the
fulcrum and the effort are called levers of class [Link] : nut cracker,
wheel barrow, paper cutter etc.
Fig: page no 53.
3. Levers of Class III: The levers in which the effort is in between the
fulcrum and load are called levers of class III. Example: a pair of tongs,
sugar tongs, knife etc.
Fig: page no 54.

[Link] diagrams to illustrate the positions of fulcrum,load and

effort, in each of the following:
Answer: (a) A see –saw. (b) A beam balance (c) A nut craker (d) A pair
of forceps….self.
[Link] mechanical advantage of an actual pulley is less than [Link] a
reason .What is the justification for using the pulley then?
Answer: In an actual pulley ,due to friction, the mechanical advantage is
less than 1(i.e. the effort is more than the load).The reason why we use
the pulley when its mechanical advantage is equal to 1 or less than 1 is
that the pulley allows us to apply the effort downwards i.e. in a
convenient direction.
[Link] a neat labeled diagram showing a pulley being used to lift a
load. How are load and effort related in an ideal situation?
Answer: self.
[Link] is inclined plane? What is the mechanical advantage ?Give
two examples where it is used.
Answer:An inclined plane is a slanting wooden plank or a sloping
surface .It is a simple machine which is used to move a load up with a
less effort.
The mechanical advantage of an inclined plane is always greater than
one.
Examples: 1. Staircases in our homes are also made as inclined planes.2.
The roads on a hill are made inclined with a small slope.

Inside questions:

[Link] a machine is called a force multiplier?

Answer: When the mechanical advantage of a machine is greater than 1
(i.e. effort < load) ,the machine is called a force multiplier.
[Link] Mechanical Advantage of a pair of pliers is more than 1 ,but
Mechanical Advantage of scissor is less than [Link] reason.
Answer:In case of pliers effort arm is longer than the load arm ,so
mechanical advantage is more than 1 and in case of scissor effort arm is
shorter than load arm ,so mechanical advantage is less than 1
[Link] the condition for Mechanical Advantage of a lever 1 to be
(a)More than 1(b) Equal to 1. (c) Less than 1
Answer: The levers in which the fulcrum is in between the load and the
effort are called the levers of class I.
Generally ,the effort arm of levers of class I is longer than the load arm,
therefore ,the mechanical advantage of class I levers is greater than I.
However ,if the effort arm is equal to the load arm, the mechanical
advantage is equal to [Link] if the effort arm is shorter than the load arm,
its mechanical advantage is less than 1.
[Link] Mechanical Advantage of an inclined plane is always greater
than 1? How can the Mechanical Advantage be further increased?
Answer:The effort required to push a load up an inclined plane is less
than the [Link] ,the mechanical advantage of an inclined plane is
always greater than 1.
[Link] is energy?
Answer:The energy of a body is its capacity (or ability )to do work.
The [Link] for both work and energy is joule.(symbol J).
[Link] is the work done by a force measured?
Answer: Work done by a force on a body is measured as
Work done = Force X Distance moved by the body in the direction of
force.
[Link] and explain the principle of machine.
Answer: A machine does not work by itself. When energy is supplied to
it (or work is done on it),it does some useful work .To do work on a
machine, a force is applied. This applied force is called the effort
(symbol E).As a result of this force ,the machine exerts a force to do
work .This force is called the load(symbol L).
[Link] is the principle of a Lever?
Answer: The mechanical advantage of a lever is equal to advantage of a
lever is equal to the ratio of the effort arm to the load [Link] is called
the principle of a lever.
Load X Load Arm = Effort X Effort Arm.