General
Mathematics
Submitted by: Jemuel Potestas
Submitted to: Mrs. Agnes Lapulapu
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Function
●Domain
●Range
●Relation
2. Intercepts, Zeroes, Asymptotes and
Rational Function
●x & y intercept
●Zeroes
●Vertical Asymptote
●Horizontal Asymptote
3. Evaluation of Function
4. Inverse of One to One Function
5. Operation of Function
6. Exponential Function
7. Solving Inequalities
Function
❖ A function is a relation in which no
two pairs have the same x-coordinate.
❖ It is rule where each element in the
domain is related to only one value in
the range by some rule.
❖ First element x is not repeating.
❖ It is a set of ordered pairs of elements x
and y variables where the second element
y is repeating, or it is called many to one
function.
❖ Every value of x corresponds to a unique
value of y it is called one to one function.
❖ If every value of x corresponds to two or
more value of y which is called relation it
is a function because function has no
element of x is repeating.
Domain
➢ The set of all possible values that the
variable x can take.
Range
➢ The set of all possible values that the
variable y can take.
Relation
➢ The relationship between sets of values
of ordered pairs (x,y).
Note: All functions are a relation but not
all relations are functions.
Rational Function
A function in the form: P(x)/ R(x)
The functions p and q are polynomials. The
domain of a rational function is the set of all
real numbers except those values that make
the denominator, q(x), equal to zero.
f(x) = 2x²-4 x+5. h(x)=2/x2-4
g(x)= x²-1/x-1
Domain
➢ All numbers except the zeroes of the
denominator .
Intercepts
➢ The intercepts of the graph of a rational
function of its graph and an axis.
A. Y- intercept
➢ The y intercept of the graph of a
rational function r(x) if it exists,
occurs at r(0), provided that r(x) is
defined at x=0. To find y- intercept
simply evaluate the function at x=0.
(let y=0)
B. X- intercept
➢ The x intercept of the graph of a
rational function r(x) if it exists,
occurs of the zeros if the numerator
that are not zeros of the
denominators. To find the x-intercept
equate the function to zero.
(let x=0)
C. Zeroes
➢ The zeroes of a function are the values
of x which makes the function [Link]
numbered zeroes are also x-intercept of
the function of a graph of the function.
(same as x-intercept)
D. Asymptote
➢ An imaginary line to which the graph
gets closer and closer as the x or y
increases or decreases its value
without limit.
● Vertical Asymptote
➢ To find the vertical asymptote of
the rational function, first reduce the
given function to simplest form to find
the zeroes of the denominator that
are not zeroes of the numerator.
●Horizontal Asymptote
➢ To determine the horizontal
asymptote of a rational function,
compare the degree of the
numerator n to the degree of the
denominator d.
○If n<d, the horizontal asymptote is
y=0.
○If n=d, the horizontal asymptote y
is the ratio of the leading
coefficient of the numerator a, to
the leading coefficient of the
denominator b. That is y=a/b.
○If n>d, there is no horizontal
asymptote.
Evaluation of Function
f(x)= 2x²+3x -1 if x =1
= 2(1)²+3(1)-1
= 2+3-1
=4
A. f(x)= 2(x) +1 if x= 2
g(x)=x²+ 2x +1
a.f(x)= 2(x) +1 g(x)=x²+ 2x +1
f(2)=2(2)+1 g(2)=2²+ 2(2) +1
f(2)= 4+1 g(2)=4+4+1
f(2)=5 g(2) = 9
Inverse of One to One
Function
➢ The relation revising the process
performed by any function f(x) is
called “inverse” of f(x).This means that
the domain of the inverse is the range
of the original function and that the
range of the inverse is the range of the
original function.
Original Function : y= 2x -1
X -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Y -9 -7 -5 -3 -1 1 3 5 7
Inverse Function
X -9 -7 -5 -3 -1 1 3 5 7
Y -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
❖ How to find the inverse of One-to-
One Function?
Step 1: Express the function in the form
y=f(x);
Step 2: Interchange the x and y variables
in the equation;
Step 3: Solve for y terms in x .
Example:
1. y=2x +3
2. f(x)=x/10
3. f(x) = x+8/x-3
Operation of Function
Sum of f & g (+)
Difference of f & g (-)
Product of f & g (•)
Quotient of f & g (÷)
In order;
(f+g)(x)=f(x)+g(x)
(f-g)(x)=f(x)-g(x)
(f•g)(x)=f(x)•g(x)
(f/g)(x)= f(x)/g(x) where g(x)≠0
➢ Each of the four operations is defined
for all x in the domain of both f and g with
the exception that in quotient, we include
the values of x in which g(x)≠0.
Exponential Function
➢ An exponential function is a
Mathematical function in the form f (x) =
ax, where “x” is a variable and “a” is a
constant which is called the base of the
function and it should be greater than 0.
The most commonly used exponential
function base is the transcendental
number e, which is approximately equal
to 2.71828.
Exponential Expression
❖ Form of a• b^x-c+d where b >0, b≠1
Example:
4x^-2
9^x²
5²^(x+3)
4a/ 5^(x³)
169^x
Exponential Equation
❖ Involving exponential expressions
❖ An equation which involves an unknown
or unknowns in an exponent.
Example:
7²x - x² =1/343
Solving Inequalities
Inequalities are the mathematical
expressions in which both sides are not
equal. In inequality, unlike in equations, we
compare two values. The equal sign in
between is replaced by less than (or less than
or equal to), greater than (or greater than or
equal to), or not equal to sign.
The meaning of inequality is to say that two
things are NOT equal. One of the things may
be less than, greater than, less than or equal
to, or greater than or equal to the other
things.
●p ≠ q means that p is not equal to q
●p < q means that p is less than q
●p > q means that p is greater than q
●p ≤ q means that p is less than or equal
to q
●p ≥ q means that p is greater than or
equal to q
Exponential Inequalities
➢ Inequalities where the variable is in the
exponent, such as 2^x > 4.
Properties of Exponential
Inequalities
❖Zero property: a^0 = 1.
❖Product property: (a^x)(a^y) =
a^(x + y)
❖Quotient property: a^x /a^y =
a^(x - y)
❖Negative property: a^(-x) = 1 /
a^x.
❖Power of a power: (a^x)^y =
a^(x * y)
❖Power of a product: (ab)^x =
(a^x)(b^x)
❖Power of a quotient: (a/b)^x =
a^x / b^x.
Exponential Equation
➢Equations where the variable is
in the exponent, such as 2^x = 8.
