Full Stack Python Developer - 200+

Interview Questions
Python (Core + Advanced)
• What are Python's key features?

• Difference between Python 2 and Python 3.

• Explain Python memory management.

• What are Python data types?

• Difference between mutable and immutable objects.

• Explain Python's garbage collection mechanism.

• What are Python namespaces?

• Difference between shallow copy and deep copy.

• What are Python iterators and generators?

• What are Python comprehensions?

• Explain Python decorators.

• Explain context managers in Python.

• What is monkey patching in Python?

• What is Python’s GIL (Global Interpreter Lock)?

• Explain Python's multithreading vs multiprocessing.

• What are Python metaclasses?

• Difference between `@staticmethod`, `@classmethod`, and instance methods.

• Explain Python exception hierarchy.

• What are Python descriptors?

• What are Python slots and their benefits?

• Explain duck typing in Python.

• What is the difference between `is` and `==`?

• How is memory allocated to variables in Python?

• What is Python's `with` statement?

• Explain Python's import system.

• What are Python packages and modules?

• Explain Python virtual environments.

• What is pip and pipenv?

• What are Python type hints and annotations?

• Explain data classes in Python.

• What is difference between abstract class and interface in Python?

• How does Python achieve polymorphism?

• What are Python mixins?

• What is MRO (Method Resolution Order) in Python?

• What is `__new__` and `__init__` in Python?

• Explain Python's `__slots__`.

• What are Python dunder methods?

• Explain Python's `__str__` vs `__repr__`.

• What are Python property decorators?

• What are Python weak references?

• What is memoization in Python?

• Scenario: API response is slow. How do you optimize Python code?

• Scenario: You must handle millions of rows in Python. How to optimize memory usage?

• Write a Python function to check if a string is a palindrome.

• Write Python code to reverse a linked list.

• Write a Python program to implement LRU cache.

• Write Python code to merge two sorted lists.

• Write Python program to find duplicates in a list.

• Write a Python program to detect a cycle in a linked list.

• Write Python program to implement binary search.

• Write Python program to generate Fibonacci numbers.

• Write Python program to check for prime numbers.

• Write Python program to count character frequency in a string.

• Write Python program to flatten a nested list.

• Write Python program to implement stack using queues.

• Write Python program to implement queue using stacks.

MySQL
• Explain relational databases.

• Difference between SQL and NoSQL databases.

• Explain primary key vs unique key.

• Explain foreign key with example.

• What are indexes in MySQL?

• When should indexes be avoided?

• Explain clustered vs non-clustered indexes.

• What is a composite index?

• Difference between DELETE, TRUNCATE, and DROP.

• What is normalization? Explain all normal forms.

• What is denormalization?

• Explain MySQL constraints.

• What are transactions in MySQL?

• Explain ACID properties.

• What are MySQL storage engines?

• What is difference between InnoDB and MyISAM?

• Explain MySQL joins (INNER, LEFT, RIGHT, FULL).

• What is a self-join?

• What is a cross join?

• Explain MySQL subqueries.

• What is difference between correlated and non-correlated subqueries?

• Explain MySQL views.

• What are stored procedures?

• What are triggers in MySQL?

• What are functions in MySQL?

• Difference between UNION and UNION ALL.

• How do you optimize slow queries?

• Scenario: Table with millions of rows, SELECT is slow. How to optimize?

• What are covering indexes?

• What is query execution plan?

• Write SQL to fetch nth highest salary.

• Write SQL to count employees in each department.

• Write SQL to find duplicate records.

• Write SQL to find employees who don’t have managers.

• Write SQL to update salary of employees by 10%.

• Write SQL to delete duplicates keeping one.

• Explain database sharding.

• Explain partitioning in MySQL.

• Explain replication in MySQL.

• What is MySQL clustering?

Django
• Explain Django’s MVT architecture.

• Difference between Django and Flask.

• Explain Django ORM.

• Difference between ORM and raw SQL.

• Explain Django models and migrations.

• What are Django forms?

• Difference between ModelForm and Form.

• What are Django signals?

• Explain middleware in Django.

• What are Django sessions?

• What is Django caching framework?

• Explain select_related and prefetch_related.

• What are Django template tags and filters?

• How are static files handled in Django?

• Difference between static and media files.

• What is CSRF in Django?

• How do you secure a Django application?

• What are Django class-based views?

• Difference between FBV and CBV.

• What are mixins in Django?

• Explain authentication and authorization in Django.

• How does Django handle passwords securely?

• What is the difference between OneToOne, ForeignKey, and ManyToMany?

• Scenario: Add login/logout functionality in Django.

• Scenario: Optimize a slow Django query.

• Scenario: Handle file upload in Django.

• Scenario: Deploy Django on AWS.

• Scenario: Debug Django app not working on production.

• Explain Django REST Framework (DRF).

• What are serializers in DRF?

• Explain ViewSets and Routers in DRF.

• What are throttling and rate-limiting in DRF?

• How do you handle pagination in DRF?

• Scenario: Build a REST API for Employee Management in Django.

• Scenario: Add JWT authentication in Django REST API.

• What is Django Channels?

• Explain asynchronous support in Django.

• Explain signals in Django with example.

• What is difference between caching at view level and template level?

HTML/CSS
• What is semantic HTML?

• Explain HTML5 new features.

• Difference between block and inline elements.

• What are HTML attributes?

• What are HTML5 forms?

• What are meta tags in HTML?

• What is the difference between relative, absolute, and fixed positioning?

• Explain CSS specificity rules.

• Difference between inline, internal, and external CSS.

• What are CSS pseudo-classes?

• What are CSS pseudo-elements?

• Explain CSS box model.

• What is the difference between Flexbox and Grid?

• Scenario: Debug CSS not applying in a webpage.

• Scenario: Page looks different in Chrome and Firefox. Debugging steps?

• How do you make a website responsive?

• What are media queries in CSS?

• What are CSS animations?

• Explain CSS transitions.

• What is difference between em, rem, px, and % units?

• What is z-index in CSS?

• What are CSS variables?

• What are shadow DOM and web components?

• What is difference between absolute and relative paths in HTML?

JavaScript
• What are JavaScript data types?

• Difference between == and ===.

• What are closures in JavaScript?

• Explain promises in JavaScript.

• What is async/await?

• What is event loop in JavaScript?

• What are callbacks in JavaScript?

• What are arrow functions?

• Explain var, let, and const.

• What is hoisting in JavaScript?

• What is scope in JavaScript?

• What is difference between local and global scope?

• What is prototypal inheritance?

• Explain ES6 modules.

• What are JavaScript classes?

• What is difference between function declaration and expression?

• What is event bubbling and capturing?

• Explain event delegation.

• What are JavaScript timers?

• What is setTimeout and setInterval?

• Explain JSON and its usage in JavaScript.

• What is AJAX in JavaScript?

• Scenario: Make sequential API calls in JavaScript.

• Scenario: Handle multiple API calls in parallel.

• What are fetch API and XMLHttpRequest?

• What is difference between synchronous and asynchronous JS?

• What are JavaScript promises states?

• What are generators in JavaScript?

• What is difference between call, apply, and bind?

• What is this keyword in JavaScript?

• Scenario: Debug undefined errors in JS.

• Scenario: Optimize JS-heavy webpage.

• Explain CORS in JavaScript.

• What is localStorage, sessionStorage, and cookies?

• Explain debouncing and throttling.

• What is difference between DOM and Virtual DOM?

• What are JS frameworks and libraries?

• Explain React vs Vanilla JS difference (if asked in full stack role).

Full Stack Scenario-Based

• Scenario: Build a Passport Management System with Django and frontend.

• Scenario: Optimize Django app for high traffic.

• Scenario: Debug Django app not starting on server.

• Scenario: API returns 500 error randomly. Debugging steps?

• Scenario: Database connection pool exhausted. How to fix?

• Scenario: Static files not loading in Django. Debugging steps?

• Scenario: Website loads slowly. How to optimize backend?

• Scenario: Website loads slowly. How to optimize frontend?

• Scenario: User login taking too long. Debugging steps?

• Scenario: Build and secure REST APIs in Django.

• Scenario: Deploy Django + MySQL on AWS.

• Scenario: Integrate third-party payment gateway in Django.

• Scenario: Implement caching for API responses.

• Scenario: How do you design scalable architecture for full-stack app?

• Scenario: Fix CORS issue in frontend-backend integration.

• Scenario: Debug Django queries taking too long.

• Scenario: Implement file upload feature securely.

• Scenario: Add JWT authentication in Django REST API.

• Scenario: Handle frontend form validation with JS.

• Scenario: Integrate React/JS frontend with Django REST API.