Appendix:Proto-Lolo-Burmese reconstructions

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The following Proto-Lolo-Burmese reconstructions are from Li (2011). Li (2011) refers to Proto-Lolo-Burmese as Proto-Burmo-Yi (原始缅彝语).

Li (2011)

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Datapoints

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Li (2011) uses 30 datapoints for his reconstruction of Proto-Lolo-Burmese.

No. Language Abbreviation Region Dialect Dialect (pinyin) Source
1 Burmese Yangon 仰光
2 Achang Longchuan 户撒腊姐大寨 Dazhai, Lajie, Husa
3 Achang Luxi 江东高埂田 Gaogengtian, Jiangdong
4 Xiandao Yingjiang 姐冒区蛮缅乡 Manmian Township
5 Zaiwa Luxi 西山 Xishan
6 Langsu Luxi 三台山允欠寨 Yunqianzhai, Santaishan
7 Pela Luxi 三台山孔家寨 Kongjiazhai, Santaishan
8 Lashi Luxi 中山区中心乡 Zhongxin Township, Zhongxin District
9 Nusu Bijiang 匹河区棉谷乡 Miangu Township, Pihe District 藏缅语族语音词汇 (TBL 1992)
10 Rouruo Lanping 果力 Guoli
11 Naxi Lijiang 丽江坝青龙乡/大研镇 Qinglong Township, Lijiangba / Dayan Town 藏缅语语音和词汇 (ZMYYC 1991)
12 Tanglang Lijiang 太安乡水井村 Shuijing Village
13 Taliu Yongsheng 六德乡双河村 Shuanghe Village, Liude Township
14 Yi, North Xide 红码区李子乡 Lizi Township, Hongma District 彝语简志 (Yiyu jianzhi)
15 Yi, East 彝东 Dafang 城关镇 Dafang Town 藏缅语语音和词汇 (ZMYYC 1991)
16 Yi, West 彝西 Nanjian 中华乡五具村 Wuju Village, Zhonghua Township 藏缅语语音和词汇 (ZMYYC 1991)
17 Yi, Central 彝中 Nanhua 徐营乡杨家田村 Yangjiatian Village, Xuying Township 藏缅语语音和词汇 (ZMYYC 1991)
18 Axi Mile 西一乡大平地 Dapingdi, Xiyi Township
19 Sani Lunan 尾则村 Weize Village
20 Katso Tonghai 兴蒙乡白阁村 Baige Village, Xingmeng Township
21 Lisu Bijiang 架科底乡差打村 Chaida Village, Jiakedi Township 藏缅语语音和词汇 (ZMYYC 1991)
22 Lipo Wuding 武定县 Wuding County
23 Lahu Lancang 勐朗坝 Menglangba 拉祜语简志 (Lahuyu jianzhi)
24 Kucong Xinping 平掌乡独木村 Dumu Village, Pingzhang Township
25 Hani Lvchun 城关镇大寨 Dazhai, Lüchun Town
26 Jinuo Jinghong 基诺区曼卡 Manka, Jinuo District 基诺语简志 (Jinuoyu jianzhi)
27 Bisu Menghai 勐遮乡曼洪村老品寨 Laopinzhai
28 Sangkong Jinghong 小街乡曼宛洼寨 Manwanwazhai, Xiaojie Township
29 Phunoi
30 Mpi

Initials

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Li (2011: 323) reconstructs 110 Proto-Burmo-Yi initials. Each initial is assigned with a number.

No. Initial
1 p
2
3 b
4
5 pl
6 pʰl
7 bl
8 bʰl
9 pr
10 pʰr
11 br
12 bʰr
13 t
14
15 d
16
17 k
18
19 g
20
21 kl
22 kʰl
23 gl
24 gʰl
25 kr
26 kʰr
27 gr
28 gʰr
29 q
30
31 ɢ
32 ɢʰ
33 (ql)
34 qʰl
35 (ɢl)
36 (ɢʰl)
37 (qr)
38 qʰr
39 ɢr
40 ɢʰr
41
42 tʃʰ
43
44 dʒʰ
45 ts
46 tsʰ
47 dz
48 dzʰ
49 m
50
51
52 m̥ʰ
53 ml
54 mʰl
55 m̥l
56 m̥ʰl
57 mr
58 mʰr
59 m̥r
60 m̥ʰr
61 n
62
63
64 n̥ʰ
65 ŋ
66 ŋʰ
67 ŋ̥
68 ŋ̥ʰ
69 ŋl
70 ŋʰl
71 ŋ̥l
72 ŋ̥ʰl
73 (ŋr)
74 (ŋʰr)
75 (ŋ̥r)
76 (ŋ̥ʰr)
77 l
78
79
80 l̥ʰ
81 (ȴ)
82 ȴʰ
83 ȴ̥
84 ȴ̥ʰ
85 r
86
87
88 r̥ʰ
89 s
90
91 z
92
93 ʃ
94 ʃʰ
95 ʒ
96 ʒʰ
97 x
98
99 ɣ
100 ɣʰ
101 xl
102 (xʰl)
103 (ɣl)
104 (ɣʰl)
105 xr
106 xʰr
107 ɣr
108 ɣʰr
109 ʔ
110 ʔh

Rimes

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Li (2011: 595) reconstructs 71 Proto-Burmo-Yi rimes. Each rime is assigned with a number.

No. Rime
1 a
2 ua
3 o
4 u
5 e
6 ue
7 i
8 ui
9 ai
10 uai
11 au
12 am
13 uam
14 om
15 um
16 em
17 im
18 an
19 uan
20 on
21 un
22 en
23 in
24
25 uaŋ
26
27
28
29
30 ap
31 ăp
32 uap
33 uăp
34 op
35 ŏp
36 up
37 ŭp
38 ep
39 ĕp
40 ip
41 ĭp
42 at
43 ăt
44 uat
45 uăt
46 ot
47 ŏt
48 ut
49 ŭt
50 et
51 ĕt
52 uet
53 uĕt
54 it
55 ĭt
56 ak
57 ăk
58 uak
59 uăk
60 ok
61 ŏk
62 uk
63 ŭk
64 ek
65 ĕk
66 uek
67 uĕk
68 ik
69 ĭk
70 as
71 ăs

List

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The following list of Proto-Burmo-Yi (i.e., Proto-Lolo-Burmese) reconstructions is from the index of Li (2011: 828-886).

No. Chinese gloss English gloss Proto-Burmo-Yi Tone category Initial no. Rime no.
3201 挨近 get close to; be near to *tʃaŋʔ C 41 24
1501 () like (to eat) *no A 61 3
2601 press (with palm or finger) *dunh B 15 21
4201 press (with palm or finger) *n̥ĭp D 63 41
4301 sunken, dented *khuak D 18 58
4302 sunken, dented *khlup D 22 36
4202 decoct (herbal medicine) *klăk D 21 57
1301 scar *khua A 18 2
4401 eight *r̥has D 88 71
4701 芭蕉 bajiao banana *ŋhak D 66 56
4101 () pull up (weeds) *tʃek D 41 64
4501 () pull up (weeds) *nut D 61 48
2402 ()() CL (knife) *khlamh B 22 12
4303 ()() CL (knife) *khrap D 26 30
2401 ()() bunch/bundle (of vegetable) *khanh B 18 18
4102 (-)() bunch/bundle (of vegetable) *top D 13 34
4103 ()() handful (of rice) *krak D 25 56
4304 ()() handful (of rice) *tshop D 46 34
2403 ()(扫帚) CL (broom) *l̥homh B 80 14
4702 () to rake (the fields) *ghlak D 24 56
1302 white *phru A 10 4
1701 hundred *rha A 86 1
2301 (整齐) put in order arrange *thah B 14 1
3601 摆动 swing, sway *nunʔ C 61 21
2404 lose, defeated *r̥humh B 88 15
4305 (凳子) move (a stool) *thut D 14 48
2302 斑鸠 turtledove *qhloh B 34 3
4306 () a half *phak D 2 56
4601 () a half *buak D 3 59
2101 bind, tie up *tueh B 13 67
4307 (东西) parcel/sack (of things) *thop D 14 34
4308 () head-cloth, turban *thop D 14 34
1601 包围 surround, encircle *ram A 85 12
3602 包围 surround, encircle *lomʔ C 77 14
1303 (花生) shell (peanuts) *khua A 18 2
4309 (花生) shell (peanuts) *phut D 2 48
4402 (牛皮) to skin (cattle) *khlĭt D 22 55
4503 雹子 hail *lak D 77 56
2701 thin *bhah B 4 1
2501 have eaten one's fill *grih B 27 7
4502 have eaten one's fill *bok D 3 60
3603 hold in the arms, hug *bunʔ C 3 21
4104 hold in the arms, hug *tak D 13 56
4504 plane (a board) *bok D 3 60
2502 豹子 leopard, panther *lah B 77 1
4602 豹子 leopard, panther *zăs D 91 71
3604 悲哀 sad *ʒonʔ C 95 20
2503 (孩子) carry (a child) on the back *boh B 3 3
1401 back *khuŋ A 18 27
1602 back *doŋ A 15 26
4310 ()辈子 a lifetime *phlat D 6 42
3301 笨拙 clumsy, awkward *ʔhaʔ C 110 1
4203 鼻涕 nasal mucus *n̥ăp D 63 31
1304 鼻子 nose *n̥ha A 64 1
4505 (辫子) to plait *nik D 61 68
4603 (篮子) weare (a basket) *ʒăk D 95 57
1603 边儿 edge, rim, margin *ʒam A 95 12
4703 flat (and shallow) *bhrap D 4 30
4311 扁担 carrying pole, shoulder pole *xhap D 98 30
4403 变化 change *phlĕk D 6 65
2303 () don't had better not *thah B 14 1
1305 别人 other person(s) *shu A 90 4
1201 shrivelled, shrunken *sum A 89 15
1202 ice *ŋ̥an A 67 18
1502 to be ill *na A 61 1
4506 剥落 (paint) peel off *glut D 23 48
1801 脖子 need *lheŋ A 78 28
3701 伯父 uncle (father's elder brother) *bhaʔ C 4 1
1703 () winnow (with a fan) *ɣha A 100 1
2201 () winnow (with a fan) *plaŋh B 5 24
1306 () patch (clothing) *pha A 2 1
1502 () patch (clothing) *bu A 3 4
4604 () patch (clothing) *dŏk D 15 61
2504 () not; wont; not want to *mah B 49 1
3501 not; won't not want to *maʔ C 49 1
1307 cloth *pha A 2 1
4105 cloth *pit D 1 54
4404 () (to walk) a step *thŏk D 14 61
4106 (桌子) wipe (the table) *sut D 89 48
4704 猜谜 guess (a riddle) *dhak D 16 56
2602 step on, tread *naŋh B 61 24
4405 step on, tread *thŏk D 14 61
2801 () vegetable; greens *ɢhaŋh B 32 24
1503 仓库 warehouse, storehouse *gli A 23 7
1802 苍蝇 fly *ʒhaŋ A 96 24
2202 (东西) hide (sthg) *ŋ̥lumh B 71 15
4801 (东西) hide (sthg) *ʒhuăk D 96 59
2203 grass *m̥anh B 51 18
2702 grass *ʒhih B 96 7
4605 grass *mrăk D 57 57
4312 ()() storey *thap D 14 30
4313 () transplant (rice seedlings), insert *tʃhuk D 42 62
2304 () transplant (rice seedlings), insert *ʃhah B 94 1
4314 () to poke (a stick into earth), insert *tʃhuap D 42 32
4802 tea *lhăk D 78 57
4315 (房子) pull down (a house) *phlak D 6 56
2405 firewood *thaŋh B 14 24
4107 firewood *sik D 89 68
1203 柴刀 chopper *ʃam A 93 12
2305 jackal *khue B 18 6
1101 () gluttonous *ʃu A 93 4
1704 肠子 intestine *bhu A 4 4
1402 long *r̥heŋ A 88 28
2603 () taste, try the flavor of *mriŋh B 57 29
4316 偿还 repay *khlap D 22 30
1308 sing *thua A 14 2
1309 stir-fry *l̥hau A 80 11
3502 extend, elongate *dʒeʔ C 43 5
4507 sink *ŋlup D 69 36
4803 sink *nhăs D 62 71
1102 尘土 dust *l̥o A 79 3
2306 尘土 dust *phueh B 2 6
3401 () open (an umbrella) *phruaŋʔ C 10 25
4317 () prop up, support *thok D 14 60
4406 () be dome/accomplished *phrăs D 10 71
4508 () be dome/accomplished *dut D 15 48
2505 成年人 adult *gruih B 27 8
2307 () fill (a bowl with rice) *khuh B 18 4
4407 () fill (a bowl with rice) *qhăt D 30 43
2506 eat *dzah B 47 1
1805 翅膀 wing *dhuŋ A 16 27
1103 () take out (from in between, a part from a whole) *ʃe A 93 5
4108 () to smoke (a cigarette) *ʃok D 93 60
4509 抽打 whip, thrash *bat D 3 42
2507 绸子 silk fabric *boh B 3 3
4510 绸子 silk fabric *buk D 3 62
1803 stinking, smelly *nham A 62 12
4606 () stinking, smelly *bŏp D 3 37
4511 臭虫 bedbug *gap D 19 30
2102 to pestle/pound *tuih B 13 8
2406 to pestle/pound *thuŋh B 14 27
2204 (用水) rinse, flush *pluŋh B 5 27
2703 insect, worm *bhoh B 4 3
4512 () 2nd day of the lunar month *dak D 15 56
4705 () go out *dhuak D 16 58
4706 出产 produce *dhuak D 16 18
4607 () hoe up (weeds) *mŭk D 49 63
2205 穿() put on (the shoes) *tsuŋh B 45 27
4608 穿() put on (the shoes) *dăp D 15 31
3605 穿() wear (a garment) *dum C 15 15
4408 穿() wear (a garment) *ʔhuăt D 110 45
1104 穿() thread (needle) *ȴ̥o A 83 3
1105 穿() thread (a needle) *xrue A 105 6
1310 穿() thread (a needle) *shi A 90 7
4804 传染 infect *dhăp D 16 31
1403 橡子 rafter *khraŋ A 26 24
1311 boat, ship *l̥he A 80 5
2407 boat, ship *l̥haŋh B 80 24
1106 ()(珠子) string (of beads) *xrue A 105 6
1804 sore, boil *bhriŋ A 12 29
3101 bed *kuʔ C 17 4
4318 () blow away (a speck of dust) *m̥hut D 52 48
1504 锤子 hammer *du A 15 4
1107 stupid *ka A 17 1
2308 jab, poke, stab *thoh B 14 3
1204 () [to go somewhere] x time(s) *l̥aŋ A 79 24
2704 刺儿 thorn, splinter *dʒhuh B 44 4
2103 刺猬 hedgehog *l̥aih B 79 9
2705 wide (in diameter), coarse *ghruih B 28 8
4319 crisp, brittle *khrup D 26 36
4320 村寨 village *qhuak D 30 58
1505 村寨 village *rua A 85 2
3202 () twist (hemp fibers) *ʃumʔ C 93 15
4109 () twist (hemp fibers) *klas D 21 70
4409 () twist (hemp fibers) *ʔhuĕk D 110 67
4110 wrong *ʃut D 93 48
2706 () answer, reply *dhuh B 16 4
2707 答应 promise, consent *dhuh B 16 4
1312 () gather (firewood) *khue A 18 6
4513 () fire (a shot) *bas D 3 70
2708 () hit (a person) *dhuih B 16 8
4609 () hit (a person) *dĕk D 15 65
4707 () hit (a person) *bhat D 4 42
1404 () fetch/draw (waler) *kham A 18 12
2309 () fetch/draw (water) *khuh B 18 4
1205 打倒 overthrow, down with *l̥eŋ A 79 28
2206 打倒 overthrow, down with *l̥eŋh B 79 28
2408 打哈欠 to yawn *xhamh B 98 12
3402 打开 to open *phuaŋʔ C 2 25
1604 霹雳 (thunderbolt) break *gun A 19 21
4610 打闪 to lightning *mrăp D 57 31
2709 big, large *ghruih B 28 8
3702 大麦 barley *zhuʔ C 92 4
2310 (孩子) bring up (children) *ʃhueh B 94 6
1405 () to carry (money) on one *ʔhun A 110 i 21
4321 (包头) wear (a turban) *thup D 14 36
2409 (帽子) wear (a hat) *tshoŋh B 46 26
4322 (手镯) wear (a bracelet) *ʔhut D 110 48
4611 (手镯) wear (a bracelet) *dĕk D 15 65
1108 gall bladder *kre A 25 5
1313 gall bladder *khre A 26 5
4323 egg *ʔhuk D 110 62
2604 (盐味) tasteless, insipid (not salty) *blaŋh B 7 24
2508 knife *mroh B 57 3
2710 knife *dhah B 16 1
1206 刀鞘 sheath, scabbard *plaŋ A 5 24
1109 () (a wall) fall down/topple *pro A 9 3
2802 () (a wall) fall down/topple *lheŋh B 78 28
4708 例塌 collapse, cave in, fall down *bhlak D 8 56
2410 捣碎 pound in pieces *thuŋh B 14 27
3503 到达 arrive *dʒueʔ C 43 6
4324 到达 arrive *qhop D 30 34
4325 倒掉() pour or throw (water) *ʃhak D 94 56
2509 稻草 rice straw *roh B 85 3
3703 得到 get, acquire *rha C 86 1
3403 等待 wait *l̥haŋʔ C 80 24
3504 (水往下) drip *ɢraʔ C 39 1
4514 (液体往下) drip *dzak D 47 56
4410 ()() drop (of water) *thăk D 14 57
4326 ()() drop (of water) *phak D 2 56
4709 ()() drop (of water) *dzhak D 48 56
3606 low, short *ŋlimʔ C 69 17
2207 () lower (the head) *ŋ̥unh B 67 21
3404 () lower (the head) *ŋ̥humʔ C 68 15
1314 () earth, ground *m̥hre A 60 5
1705 () earth, ground *ʒha A 96 1
1507 地基 foundation *gra A 27 1
3302 地震 (earth) quake *l̥huiʔ C 80 8
3606 地震 (earth) quake *nunʔ C 61 21
1506 弟弟 younger brother *ŋla A 69 1
1706 弟弟 younger brother *ŋhli A 70 7
4805 (/) to light (a light) *dhăp D 16 31
4612 () nod *ŋŭt D 65 49
2411 to pad *khaŋh B 18 24
3505 () to drop *ɢraʔ C 39 1
2412 to hang *l̥haŋh B 80 24
2104 () to fish *tueh B 13 6
2605 跌跤 fall over/down *leŋh B 77 28
2711 跌跤 fall over/down *lhaih B 78 9
4411 (蚊子) (mosquito) bite *qhŭk D 30 63
4412 (蚊子) (mosquito) bite *thŏt/*thot D 14 47/46
4413 (蚊子) (mosquito) bite *tʃhĕk D 42 65
4414 丢失 lose, mislay *phlŏk D 6 61
2413 winter *tshoŋh B 46 26
2606 东西 thing *mliŋh B 53 29
3607 东西 thing *dzeŋʔ C 47 28
4204 /知道/熟悉 know *sĕk D 89 65
4327 (虫子) move *l̥hup D 80 36
3506 () (hand) be frostbitten *guʔ C 19 4
2607 () (mountain) cave, hole *duaŋh B 15 25
1406 () cave, hole *qhroŋ A 38 26
3302 陡峭 cliffy, precipitous *phraʔ C 10 1
4515 pea, bean *nok D 61 60
1508 read *dzau A 47 11
4111 read *ŋ̥ap D 67 30
2510 poison, toxin *mueh B 49 6
4806 poison, toxin *dhŏk D 16 61
2311 堵塞 block up, plug *tshih B 46 7
3303 堵塞 block up, plug *tshoʔ C 46 3
3304 堵塞 block up, plug *tʃhiʔ C 42 7
2712 () cross (a river) *ghuh B 20 4
2511 () cross (a river) *groh B 27 3
4328 肚脐 beard *khlat D 22 42
2414 肚子(腹部) belly *ʔuamh B 109 13
2713 short *ŋhluh B 70 4
4329 () cut off, sever *phlat D 6 42
2512 (棍子) (stick) break/snap *groh B 27 3
4330 (棍子) (stick) break/snap *khluk D 22 62
4710 (/线) (thread) snap *bhrat D 12 42
4112 ()() section (of road/journey) *tsek D 45 64
4807 ()() section (of road/journey) *dhŏk D 16 61
1806 (/) to heap/stack (hay, grass) *bhum A 4 15
1807 ()() pile (of excrement) *bhom A 4 14
1407 (舂米用) a treadle-operated tilt hammer for hulling rice *tshom A 46 14
1509 ()(兔子) pair (of rabbits) *dza A 47 1
1707 ()(兔子) pair (of rabbits) *dzhui A 48 8
3608 ()(兔子) pair (of rabbits) *dzomʔ C 47 14
1207 ()(人马) team/line [of people (and animals)] *tʃam A 41 12
1510 ()() (to have) x meal(s) *blo A 7 3
2803 blunt, dull *dhumh B 16 15
2714 many, much *mhlah B 54 1
3609 ()() CL (flower) *buaŋʔ C 3 25
4516 ()() CL (flower) *ruat D 85 44
4808 躲藏 hide oneself *ɣhuăk D 100 59
3405 () stamp (one's foot) *theŋʔ C 14 28
4331 () chop/cut (meat) *thuak D 14 58
4517 () chop/cut (meat) *blek D 7 64
3406 goose *khraŋʔ C 26 24
2312 额头 forehead *ŋ̥hah B 68 1
4613 额头 forehead *ŋĭk D 65 69
4809 饿 be hungry *mhŭt D 50 49
2313 儿媳 daughter-in-law *khrueh B 26 6
2715 儿子 son *zhah B 92 1
2314 耳朵 ear *n̥hah B 64 1
4415 two *n̥hăs D 64 71
3610 发抖 shiver tremble *nanʔ C 61 19
2513 发愁 worry, be anxious *mlah B 53 1
4711 发生 occur, happen *dhuak D 16 58
4332 (过来) turn (clothing) inside out, or the reverse *phuk D 2 62
4712 () the reverse side *bhak D 4 56
1511 cooked rice *dza A 47 1
2208 cooked rice *xaŋh B 97 24
1408 房顶 roof *khuŋ A 18 27
1808 房屋 house *ʒhim A 96 17
1409 房檐 eaves *thuaŋ A 14 25
3103 () set on fire *ŋ̥aʔ C 67 1
4333 () put in (salt) *khat D 18 42
4205 放牧 put out to pasture *l̥ŏk D 79 61
2315 放置 put sthg somewhere *thah B 14 1
1809 fly *bhram A 12 12
2608 fly *daŋh B 15 24
1315 () fat (pig) *tshi A 46 7
1316 () fat (pig) *tshu A 46 4
2316 lung *tshih B 46 7
4416 lung *tʃhŏt D 42 47
1317 (water) be boiling *tshu A 46 4
1708 (东西) divide/share (things) *bhue A 4 6
1606 () (offspring) divide up family properly & live apart *gam A 19 12
4614 坟墓 tomb *lŏp D 77 35
2317 excrement; faeces; dung; droppings *khrih B 26 7
1810 份儿 share, portion, part *bhom A 4 14
4334 ()() CL (letter) *khlap D 22 30
2514 become crazy *ruh B 85 4
1318 wind *l̥hai A 80 9
4335 锋利 sharp *thak D 14 56
4336 sew (up) *khrup D 26 36
4615 sew (up) *gŭk D 19 63
2716 (小鸡) hatch, incubate *mhuih B 50 8
4713 (小鸡) hatch, incubate *ɢhuap D 32 32
1709 () float *bhau A 4 11
2516 () float *ŋluih B 69 8
2609 () float *mluŋh B 53 27
2515 (栏杆) put one's hand(s) on (sthg) for support *dzueh B 47 6
2318 腐烂 rot *tʃhih B 42 7
4810 腐烂 rot *bhŭp D 4 37
2610 斧头 axe *dzuŋh B 47 27
3305 斧头 axe *tshoʔ C 46 3
4337 斧头 axe *tshok D 46 60
3507 rich *braʔ C 11 2
2517 附近 the vicinity, nearby *nah B 61 1
2611 妇女(女人) woman *mlinh B 53 23
2717 父亲 father *bhah B 4 1
3704 父亲 father *bhaʔ C 4 1
4113 () put (soil) on *ŋ̥up D 67 36
2105 盖子 lid, cover *m̥ih B 51 7
2415 盖子 lid, cover *phumh B 2 15
2416 liver *sheŋh B 90 28
3306 () dry *xhuaiʔ B 98 10
3508 () be dry *guiʔ C 19 8
1410 干净 clean *ʃhaŋ A 94 24
2718 dare *bhuih B 4 8
3407 dare *ʔhumʔ C 110 15
4811 () drive *ghăt D 20 43
2518 (活儿) to work/labor *dzueh B 47 6
1411 肛门 anus *qhroŋ A 38 26
2612 肛门 anus *duŋh B 15 27
1412 high, tall *m̥hraŋ A 60 24
3611 high, tall *mraŋʔ C 57 24
2319 高粱 Chinese sorghum *l̥huh B 80 4
3509 高兴 happy and excited *buʔ C 3 u
3705 睾丸 testicle *dʒhiʔ C 44 7
2719 鸽子 dove *ɢhuih B 32 8
3706 胳膊 arm *bhuʔ C 4 4
1607 哥哥 elder brother *moŋ A 49 26
2613 哥哥 elder brother *maŋh B 49 24
4616 () mow/cut (grass) *rĭp D 85 41
2804 (/) mow/cut (meat/grass) *ʒhamh B 96 12
1110 () be on th other side of (a river) *kla A 21 1
2320 () be on the other side of (a river) *khrah B 26 1
1710 ()(鸡蛋) CL (egg) *mha A 50 1
2417 ()(鸡蛋) CL (egg) *tʃhamh B 42 12
2519 ()() CL (person) *ɣah B 99 1
4714 ()() CL (person) *ʒhok D 96 60
2614 ()() CL (bowl) *lumh B 77 15
4338 ()() CL (bowl) *khlap D 22 30
3307 () (grit in the shoe) hurt (the foot) *khle C 22 7
2720 give *bhleh B 8 5
1208 () root *pon A 1 20
1318 () root *tʃhe A 42 5
4518 () root *mras D 57 70
1413 ()() blade (of grass) *khreŋ A 26 28
1608 ()() blade (of grass) *baŋ A 3 24
4339 ()(棍子) CL (stick) *khat D 18 42
1319 (在后面) follow *tʃho A 42 3
3408 (在后面) follow *tʃhaŋʔ C 42 24
2520 plough, till *mrah B 57 1
4340 plough, till *phok D 2 60
1320 () cock *phui A 2 8
3308 () cock *phaʔ C 2 1
2106 () stallion *pah B 1 1
2521 () stallion *lah B 77 1
2522 bow *leh B 77 5
4341 bow *khlak D 22 56
2209 () to hook *ŋ̥enh B 67 22
4617 () to hook *ŋŏk D 65 61
2321 dog *qhueh B 30 6
4812 be enough *lhŏk D 78 61
2322 孤儿 orphan *tʃhueh B 42 6
3309 孤儿 orphan *tʃhueʔ C 42 6
2523 姑娘 girl *mlih B 53 7
2323 姑母 aunt (father's sister) *qhoh B 30 3
4715 估计 assess, estimate *dhak D 16 56
4206 骨节 joint *tsăs D 45 71
2721 骨头 bone *ɣhroh B 108 3
2107 melon, gourd *sih B 89 7
1512 () (wind) blow *la A 77 1
4114 () (wind) blow *tuk D 13 62
4115 () shave (hairs), scrape *sot D 89 46
4342 () to shave (hairs), scrape *khrot D 26 46
2324 () widow *tʃhueh B 42 6
2210 (在墙上) hang (on the wall) *l̥aŋh B 79 24
2325 (在墙上) hang (on the wall) *tshih B 46 7
2722 government official *dʒhoh B 44 3
2108 () close (the door) *pih B 1 7
2109 () close (the door) *m̥lih B 55 7
3203 () to pen in (sheep) *l̥uŋʔ C 79 27
4343 () to fill (with water) *khat D 18 42
4116 光滑 smooth, glossy, sleek *tʃot D 41 46
4813 ghost, spirit *nhăt D 62 43
2326 (价钱) expensive *phoh B 2 3
4344 kneel *thok D 14 60
3612 roll *limʔ C 77 17
1811 棍子 rod, stick *dham A 16 12
2110 (炒菜) frying wok *ʔoh B 109 3
2723 () cross (a bridge) *ghruah B 28 2
2524 (几年) (x years) go by/pass *laih B 77 9
4417 害羞 be shy/bashful *r̥hăh D 88 57
1609 keep (in the mouth) *ŋom A 65 14
1812 keep (in the mouth) *mhum/*mhlum A 50/54 15
1321 () to ask (sb) to come her fetch *khau A 18 11
1513 喊叫 yell, shout *gru A 27 4
2111 sweat *klueh B 21 6
2327 sweat *khreh B 26 5
4117 汉族 Han Chinese *xek D 97 64
3613 ()(麦子) line (of wheat) *ʒamʔ C 95 18
1322 豪猪 porcupine *phru A 10 4
1514 good *glai A 23 9
2615 good *mlenh B 53 22
1711 好吃() tasty, delicious *nhuai A 62 10
1712 好吃() tasty, delicious *mhrai A 58 9
2211 叮吃() tasty, beautiful *ŋ̥amh B 67 12
1323 (/) pleasant to the ears, beautiful *sha A 90 1
3614 好看 pleasant to the eyes, beautiful *ʒoŋʔ C 95 26
3615 好听 pleasant to the ears *ŋunʔ C 65 21
1813 () drink *dhaŋ A 16 24
4118 () drink *ʃok D 93 60
1610 river *laŋ A 77 24
2418 river *khruŋh B 26 27
3510 核儿 pit, stone *dʒeʔ/*dʒeh C/B 43 5
4716 核儿 pit, stone *nhik D 62 68
1324 核桃 walnut *m̥hi A 52 7
1515 核桃 walnut *bu A 3 4
4519 合上(书本) close (a book) *dzop D 47 34
4520 合上(书本) close (a book) *dzek D 47 64
3616 合适 suitable *dzaŋʔ C 47 24
4521 black *nak D 61 56
1325 痕迹 mark, trace, track *khua A 18 3
1713 痕迹 mark, trace, track *rha A 86 1
4522 hate *dzok D 47 60
1714 () horizontal *bhlip A 8 7
1209 dry by fire *qaŋ A 29 24
1326 red *n̥hai A 64 9
2419 喉咙 throat *qhruŋh B 38 27
4814 猴子 monkey *mhlŏk D 54 61
1327 thick *thu A 14 4
1414 () back *thaŋ A 14 24
1415 () back *n̥oŋ A 64 26
4523 () back *nok D 61 60
4815 后夭 the day after tomorrow *bhăk D 4 57
3409 lake *n̥hoŋʔ C 64 26
2525 狐狸 fox *duah B 15 2
1416 蝴蝶 butterfly *l̥ham A 80 12
3204 蝴蝶 butterfly *l̥am C 79 12
2616 花儿 flower *banh B 3 18
4524 花儿 flower *ruat D 85 44
4618 () multicolored/patterned (cloth) *brŏk/*brok D 11 59/61
4619 花椒 seed of Chinese prickly *dʒăp D 43 31
4345 () slippery (road) *tʃhuat D 42 44
3617 ploughshare *dʒonʔ C 43 20
2805 (语言) speech, words *dhaŋh B 16 24
4717 怀孕 to be pregnant *bhut D 4 48
4346 () to repay (a debt) *tshap D 46 30
2526 (钢笔) to return (a pen) *beh B 3 5
1111 to change *pa A 1 1
3310 to change *thaiʔ C 14 9
1328 yellow *ʃhue A 94 6
3205 yellow *l̥eŋʔ C 79 28
4418 黄瓜 cucumber *qhŏk D 30 61
1338 黄金 gold *r̥hue A 88 6
1417 黄金 gold *ʃhuan A 94 19
1210 黄鼠狼 yellow weasel *kroŋ A 25 26
1329 () grey *phui A 2 8
3511 () grey *mueʔ C 49 6
1330 (革木) plant ash *l̥hua A 80 2
4816 (草木) plant ash *mhăp D 50 31
1814 () return *dhem A 16 16
3512 () return *laʔ C 77 1
4620 () return *ɢŏk D 31 61
4525 回忆 recall, recollect *mlit D 53 55
4207 () know (to write) *kuăt D 17 45
4526 () know (to write) *dat D 15 42
1331 soul, spirit *l̥ha A 80 1
1715 soul, spirit *bhra A 12 1
1716 浑浊 muddy, turbid *mhue A 50 6
4718 浑浊 muddy, turbid *nhok D 62 60
1517 () mix (powder) with water *nai A 61 9
4621 () living (adj) *duĕk D 15 67
1516 () become alive/active *due A 15 6
2724 fire *mhih B 50 7
4208 fire *tŭk D 13 63
4817 火把 torch *dhŭt D 16 49
4347 火钳 fire-tongs *ŋ̥hlap D 72 30
2328 火炭(燃着) live charcoal *khaih B 18 9
2420 伙伴 pal, partner *tʃhaŋh B 42 24
4719 chicken *ghrak D 28 56
3206 () (water) gather/build up *teŋʔ C 13 28
1332 麂子 muntjac, barking deer *khle A 22 5
1333 () when *qha A 30 1
4119 () (shoe) pinch *ŋ̥lap D 71 30
4209 (/牙膏) squeeze (for milk) *ŋ̥lăs D 71 71
2329 (腰带) buckle up/fasten *tʃhueh B 42 6
1815 family, household *ʒhim A 96 17
4348 () pick up (food with chopsticks) *ŋ̥hlap D 72 30
4120 false *pruak D 9 58
1112 (女儿) (of a woman) marry *xu A 97 4
2330 价钱 price *phuih B 2 8
1418 pointed *khlun A 22 21
2331 尖儿 point, tip *phrah B 10 1
1211 肩膀 shoulder *san A 89 18
4349 scissor *ŋ̥hlap D 72 30
4527 (拾起) pick up *ɢok D 31 60
2332 arrow *m̥hrah B 60 1
2212 ()(衣服) CL (garment) *tuŋh B 13 27
4350 ()(衣服) CL (garment) *qhruk D 38 62
2806 ginger *ghlaŋh B 24 24
3513 降落 land, descend *ɢraʔ C 39 1
4210 () teach *m̥ăk D 51 57
4351 () to be burnt/scorched *khluk D 22 62
4419 () to be burnt/scorched *tʃhĕk D 42 65
2333 () to water/sprinkle/irrigate *ʃhuih B 94 8
2617 () to water/sprinkle/irrigate *loŋh B 77 26
2527 chew *ɢuah B 31 2
1334 foot *khre A 26 5
1335 () horn *khro A 26 3
1419 角儿 horn *khlon A 22 20
4720 () stir; agitate; mix *ghuak D 20 58
1336 (名字) be called/named *khau A 18 11
1611 () (wolves) howl *mreŋ A 57 28
3410 (盖子) lift (the lid) *phuaŋʔ C 2 25
2112 (果子) bear (fruit) *ʃih B 93 7
2528 (果子) bear (fruit) *dzueh B 47 6
4818 (果子) bear (fruit) *dhuĕk D 16 67
2334 结巴 stutterer *thueh B 14 6
2618 结实 solid *geŋh B 19 28
3207 结婚 to marry *xaŋʔ C 97 24
4211 ()(竹子) section (of bamboo between 2 joints) *tsăs D 45 71
1337 (结子) untie, undo *phre A 10 5
2335 () to borrow (money) *khleh B 22 5
2336 (工具) to borrow (tools) *ŋ̥hah B 68 1
2337 界线 boundary line, demarcation line *khrah B 26 1
4121 戒指 ring *tʃop D 41 34
1338 金子(黄金) gold *r̥hue A 88 6
2529 tendon, sinew *grauh B 27 11
3208 (绑得) tense, tight, taut *teŋʔ C 13 28
2530 near *nuih B 61 8
3209 near *tʃaŋʔ C 41 24
1612 soak; steep *dʒim A 43 17
4721 (种子) soak; steep *dhik D 16 68
1420 () to enter (a house) *ʔhuaŋ A 110 25
2531 stem (of a plant), stalk *roh B 85 3
1717 nine *ghlau A 24 11
2532 nine *ɢoh B 31 3
1518 alcoholic, beverage *dʒi A 43 7
1718 alcoholic, beverage *ʒhi A 96 7
1421 mortar *tshom A 46 14
1113 used, old *l̥ui A 79 8
1212 used, old *ʔuan A 109 19
2338 used, old *tʃhoh B 42 3
1114 () rescue, save *kai A 17 9
1339 () rescue, save *khli A 22 7
1519 居住 live, reside *nai A 61 9
4722 居住 live, reside *ŋhlak D 70 56
1422 () to raise (the hand) *thoŋ A 14 26
2421 ()() sentence (of speech) *khonh B 18 20
2619 聚齐 all get together, assemble *dzeŋh B 47 28
1719 () cowshed, ox fence *bhui A 4 8
4122 () cowshed, ox fence *kop D 17 34
2533 dig, excavate *dhuh B 15 4
1340 菌子 mushroom *m̥ho A 52 3
3411 () open (a door) *phuaŋʔ C 2 25
3210 () (flowers) blossom *puaŋʔ C 1 25
4528 () (flowers) blossom *ruat D 85 44
1423 () boiled (water) *l̥huŋ A 80 27
1341 () chop down (trees) *thu A 14 4
4352 () chop down (trees) *thok D 14 60
4353 () chop down (trees) *khut D 18 48
4529 () chop down (trees) *dot D 15 46
1720 watch *ŋhli A 70 7
3707 watch *ɣhruʔ C 108 4
1816 看见 see *mhraŋ A 58 24
4819 to shoulder *bhăk D 4 57
1424 () warm oneself by (a fire) *l̥hom A 80 14
1817 (衣服) warm oneself by (a fire) *ɢhaŋ A 32 24
1342 (在树上) rely, depend on *ŋ̥ha A 68 1
1613 ()() CL (tree) *ban A 3 24
1614 ()() CL (tree) *gam A 19 12
1818 ()() CL (tree) *dzheŋ A 48 28
2422 () to kowtow *thuŋh B 14 27
4421 () to kowtow *thĕk D 14 65
2213 蝌蚪 tadpole *l̥oŋh B 79 26
2339 咳嗽 to cough *tʃhoh B 42 3
4420 be thirsty *ʃhŭt D 94 49
3618 客人 guest *beŋʔ C 3 28
4422 gnaw, nibble *qhŭk D 30 63
4622 gnaw, nibble *grăt D 27 43
2620 pit *duaŋh B 15 25
2725 empty *ɢhoh B 32 3
4820 empty *ŋhluĕk D 70 67
2807 孔雀 peacock *dhoŋh B 16 26
4530 空闲 be idle/unoccupied *lok D 77 60
4354 dig out with finger *tʃhak D 42 56
4123 ()() (to have) x bite(s) *n̥uat D 63 44
3514 口水 saliva *ɣueʔ C 99 6
2214 (扣子) button *klinh B 21 23
2423 (扣子) to buckle/button up *themh B 14 16
3515 (树叶) dead (leaves) *gluiʔ C 23 8
1721 cry *ŋho A 66 3
1425 (衣服上)窟窿 hole; cavity *qhroŋ A 38 26
2340 bitter *qhah B 30 1
2341 裤子 pants, trousers *l̥hah B 80 1
4531 () quick, fast *mrap D 57 30
1722 筷子 chopsticks *dʒhu A 44 4
1615 wide, broad *lam A 77 72
2113 () tie; bind; bundle up *tueh B 13 6
2621 () bundle; sheaf *daŋh B 15 24
2622 () bundle; sheaf *dzuŋh B 47 27
4124 () bundle; sheaf *top D 13 34
2623 () be sleepy *mloŋh B 53 26
2624 pull, tug *laŋh B 77 24
3104 pull, tug *ʃeʔ C 93 5
1115 () empty the bowels *ʃa A 93 1
2342 () empty the bowels *khlih B 22 7
3708 (遗漏) leave sthg behind *ɢhraʔ C 40 1
4423 hot, spicy *phrĕk D 10 65
4424 辣椒 hot pepper, chili *phlĭk D 6 69
1520 come *la A 77 1
3516 come *leʔ C 77 5
1343 blue *phui A 2 8
1723 blue *ŋhlo A 70 3
1521 懒惰 lazy *bo A 3 3
2114 懒惰 lazy *ŋ̥ah B 67 1
1426 wolf *ʔhuam A 110 13
4623 drag for, dredge up *lăp D 77 31
2808 be old *mhaŋh D 50 24
3619 (植物) overgrown (plant) *raŋʔ C 85 24
2726 老虎 tiger *lhah B 78 1
4723 老鼠 mouse *ghruak D 28 58
1819 老鹰 black-eared kite, hawk *dzhon A 48 20
2534 be tired/fatigued *muaih B 49 10
2625 be tired/fatigued *mloŋh B 53 26
4425 (天气) cold (weather, water) *tʃhŏk D 42 61
4532 (天气) cold (weather, water) *gruat D 27 44
2535 () plough *mrah B 57 1
1344 里面 inside *qho A 30 3
1213 力气 physical strength *xraŋ A 105 24
2536 力气 physical strength *ɢah B 31 1
2626 力气 physical strength *ɣomh B 99 14
4426 力气 physical strength *shăk D 90 57
1427 礼物 gift present *tʃhuŋ A 42 27
2343 ()() grain (of rice) *shih B 90 7
2424 ()() grain (of rice) *tʃhamh B 42 12
4427 连接(绳子) connect, join *tshăk D 46 57
4533 face *mlak D 53 56
1724 () make (steel); smelt (steel) *ghui A 20 8
1522 粮食 foodstuff, grain *dza A 47 1
2727 粮食 foodstuff, grain *dzhah B 48 1
3105 (衣服) to measure *keʔ C 17 5
1428 beam *khuŋ A 18 27
1820 () tael (=50 grams) *lhoŋ A 78 26
2425 () tael (=50 grams) *l̥hoŋh B 80 26
2628 (衣服) to dry (clothes) in the air *ʒaŋh B 95 24
4428 (衣服) to dry (clothes) in the air *l̥hăp D 80 31
2215 bright *sanh B 89 18
2627 (房间) bright *laŋh B 77 24
3709 bright *bhraʔ C 12 1
4624 ()裂开 split open, rend *bĕk D 3 65
4625 ()裂开 split open, rend *gak D 19 57
4534 drench *bat D 3 42
4724 scale *ghlap D 24 30
1345 bell *tʃhu A 42 4
2344 () reserve (seeds) *thah B 14 1
1725 () (water) flow *ʒho A 96 3
2115 () (water) flow *ʃuih B 93 8
4429 six *qhrŏk D 38 61
2630 be deaf *baŋh B 3 24
4725 be deaf *dʒhit D 44 54
2631 聋子 a deaf person *baŋh B 3 24
2629 dragon *dʒuŋh B 43 27
2632 楼房 building *glamh B 23 12
1117 (在怀里) cuddle, embrace *pa A 1 1
1726 () to leak *ʒho A 96 3
1727 road *ɢhra A 40 1
2633 road *lamh B 77 12
4355 鹿 deer *tʃhet D 42 50
1214 露水 dew *ŋ̥an A 67 18
2116 露水 dew *tʃuih B 41 8
1728 绿 green *ŋhlo A 70 3
1821 () to filter/strain *dzhan A 48 18
4213 () to filter/strain *ʃăs D 93 71
2728 () to mess up *bhih B 4 7
2537 chaotic, disorderly, messy *buih B 3 8
1429 (太阳) (the sun) set *ʔhuaŋ A 110 25
1523 (太阳) (the sun) set *ɢuai A 31 10
3710 (太阳) (the sun) set *ɢhraʔ C 40 1
2729 hemp *dʒhih B 44 7
4214 麻木 be numb *pruĕk D 9 67
1729 麻雀 sparrow *dʒha A 44 1
2426 horse *m̥hraŋh B 60 24
4821 蚂蝗(水蛭) leech *bhruĕk D 12 67
4726 蚂蚁 ant *ɣhruak D 108 58
2730 bury *dhuh B 16 4
4125 bury *m̥rup D 59 36
1346 buy *ʔhuai A 110 10
2809 sell *ɢhroŋh B 40 26
3620 full *breŋʔ C 11 28
2345 slow *n̥heh B 64 5
2810 busy *ghinh B 24 23
2117 down, hair *m̥ueh B 51 6
3517 down, hair *moʔ C 49 3
2731 美丽 beautiful *dʒhah B 44 1
2427 door *khomh B 18 14
4126 蒙盖 cover up (objects) *ŋ̥up D 67 36
4356 dream *m̥hak D 52 56
1430 rice *tʃhuan A 42 19
2732 蜜蜂 bee *bhlah B 8 1
1822 绵羊 sheep *ʒhaŋ A 96 24
1347 () (fire) die out *ʃhi A 94 7
1616 () (birds) cry/chirp *mreŋ A 57 28
4535 () tomorrow night/evening *nap D 61 30
1431 名字 name *m̥hriŋ A 60 29
4127 stroke, touch *sup D 89 36
2346 () whet (a knife) *shueh B 90 6
1348 蘑菇 mushroom *m̥ho A 52 3
4727 () grind (flour) *ghrit D 28 54
3518 () hen *maʔ C 49 1
3519 母亲 mother *maʔ C 49 1
3520 () thumb *maʔ C 49 1
2347 木板 plank, board *phih B 2 7
2634 木板 plank, board *luaŋh B 77 25
1118 木筏 raft *po A 1 3
1823 木筏 raft *bhoŋ A 4 26
1617 木头 wood, log *dam A 15 12
2635 木头 wood, log *dumh B 15 15
3211 木头 wood, log *tomʔ C 13 14
1524 take, hold, get *ʒu A 95 4
3520 拿到 have taken hold of/gotten *ɣaʔ C 99 1
1350 () which *qha A 30 1
1349 哪儿 where *qha A 30 1
1351 that *tho A 14 3
1352 that *thue A 14 6
4728 () man *ʒhok D 96 60
2118 男生殖器 male genitals *ŋ̥lih B 71 7
2538 difficult *guh B 19 4
2539 difficult *ɣoh B 99 3
2733 difficult *ʒhah B 96 1
1432 () scratch (an itch) *khran A 26 18
4357 () scratch (an itch) *phlok D 6 60
4358 () scratch (an itch) *tʃhek D 42 64
4430 脑髓 brains *n̥hŏk D 64 61
2734 () tender young (plant) *nhau B 62 11
3521 () tender young (plant) *nuʔ C 61 4
1215 泥巴 mud *ŋ̥lon A 71 20
1618 you *naŋ A 61 24
3412 greasy, oily *ŋ̥hleŋ C 72 28
2348 () shrivel up, wither *ŋ̥hloh B 72 3
2119 sticky, glutinous *n̥auh B 63 11
2540 sticky, glutinous *ŋloh B 69 3
1619 year *dzan A 47 18
4128 year *n̥as D 63 70
4431 year *qhrŏk D 38 61
4359 年纪 age *shak D 90 56
4432 年纪 age *qhrŏk D 38 61
4215 年轻 young *l̥ăt D 79 43
4360 bird *ŋ̥hak D 68 56
2735 尿 urine *ʒhih B 96 7
4129 (毛巾) twist (a towel) *tʃup D 41 36
4216 twist (a towel) *ʃĭt D 93 55
4433 twist (a towel) *tshĭt D 46 55
2349 cattle *n̥huah B 64 2
1620 pus *briŋ A 11 29
4729 努力 hard working, exerting oneself *ghut D 20 48
2541 女儿 daughter *mlih B 53 7
4536 女生殖器 female, genitals *dʒok D 43 60
4822 女生殖器 female, genitals *bhĕk D 4 65
4730 女婿 son-in-law *mhak D 50 56
1433 暖和 warm *l̥hom A 80 14
2350 疟疾(打摆子) malaria, ague *phlah B 6 1
2736 () glutinous (rice) *ŋhloh B 70 3
4434 呕吐 to throw up/vomit *phrăt D 10 43
2120 () (insects) crawl *suah B 89 2
2542 () (people) crawl *duah B 15 2
4731 耙子 rake *ghlak D 24 56
4537 be afraid *grok D 27 60
4130 (桌子) strike (the table) *put D 1 48
4538 (桌子) strike (the table) *bat D 3 42
3620 ()(房子) row (of houses) *ʒanʔ C 95 18
1216 () send, dispatch (a person) *n̥aŋ A 63 24
1217 盘旋 circle hover, wheel *l̥eŋ A 79 28
2351 膀胱 bladder *phuh B 2 4
1353 fat *tshu A 46 4
1354 fat *tshi A 46 7
2121 run *preh B 9 5
4539 big gun, cannon, artillery piece *mrok D 57 60
4732 () make (tea) *dhik D 16 68
4361 赔偿 compensate *tʃhap D 42 30
4823 佩带 wear, bear *dhăp D 16 31
2428 朋友 friend *tʃhaŋh B 42 24
2429 碰撞 collide, run into *thuŋh B 14 27
1525 皮肤 skin *re A 85 5
1730 皮肤 skin *ghlui A 24 8
4362 皮肤/ skin *khok D 18 60
2352 () chop (firewood) *khrah B 26 1
4824 () chop (firewood) *dʒhĕk D 44 65
2353 fart *qhah B 30 1
2737 fart *bhruih B 12 8
2636 屁股 buttocks *duŋh B 15 27
4363 ()(树叶) CL (leaf) *khrap D 26 30
4435 ()(树叶) CL (leaf) *phăk D 2 57
4131 gourd ladle, wooden dipper *m̥ut D 51 48
1621 () level, flat *dam A 15 12
2543 slope *bah B 3 1
1355 () split up (bamboo strips) *phla A 6 1
4541 (衣服) (clothing) become worn through/torn *dʒuet D 43 52
4540 (房子) (house) be damaged/cave in *blak D 7 56
4733 () (bowls) be broken *ghrup D 28 36
2354 cut/rip open *khuaih B 18 10
4364 cut/rip open *khak D 18 56
2430 () pave, lay *qhaŋh B 30 24
4825 葡萄 grape *bhlăs D 8 71
2355 seven *ʃhih B 94 7
4132 seven *ŋ̥lat D 71 42
4436 seven *ʃhĭt D 94 55
1731 欺负 to bully, treat sb rough *ʒhuai A 96 10
3106 欺骗 deceive, cheat *m̥oʔ C 51 3
2544 妻子 wife *mlih B 53 7
2545 () ride (a horse) *dʒuih B 43 8
4365 起来 rise/stand up *thak D 14 56
4437 breath *shak D 90 57
4217 (脖子) clutch *ŋ̥lăs D 71 71
4366 (脖子) pinch, nip, clutch *tshuap D 46 32
4367 (脖子) pinch, nip, clutch *tshik/*tshĭk D 46 68/69
1119 thousand *tu A 13 4
1434 thousand *thoŋ A 14 26
1356 () pull/lead (a cow) along *ʃha A 94 1
1435 () pull/lead (a cow) along *tshiŋ A 46 29
2356 () pull/lead (a cow) along *ʃhuaih B 94 10
3311 () pull/lead (a cow) along *ʃheʔ C 94 5
3312 () front *r̥heʔ C 88 5
1357 (货币) money *phru A 10 4
1526 (货币) money *ŋue/*ŋun A 65 6/21
1824 () shallow *dhem A 16 16
1218 gun, rifle *ʔom A 109 14
4133 gun, rifle *n̥at D 63 42
3522 rob, loot *luʔ C 77 4
4218 rob, loot *l̥uăt D 79 45
2738 knock, strike *dhih B 16 7
4134 knock, strike *kok D 17 60
1622 bridge *dzam A 47 12
2739 荞子(荞麦) buckwheat *ɢhah B 32 1
1120 (尾巴) raise (the tail) *tu A 13 4
1436 (尾巴) raise (the tail) *thoŋ A 14 26
1437 () cup up (vegetable) *ʃhum A 94 15
1732 () cup up (vegetable) *ɣhui A 100 i 8
2637 (小孩) embrace a child cheek to cheek (& kiss him) *namh B 61 12
4135 (小孩) embrace a child cheek to cheek (& kiss him) *tʃup D 41 36
4626 (小孩) embrace a child cheek to cheek (& kiss him) *bŏk D 3 61
4734 勤快 industrious, hard working *ghlat D 24 42
1527 light (weight) *lo A 77 3
1733 light (weight) *lha A 78 1
1825 light (weight) *ʒhaŋ A 96 24
2216 light (weight) *sumh B 89 15
1623 () clear (waler) *griŋ A 27 29
2638 () clear (water) *greŋh B 27 28
4438 青年(男子) youth, young people *l̥hăk D 80 57
2122 青蛙 frog *pah B 1 1
1121 () fine day, sunny *sa A 89 1
2431 (weather) be clear, sunny *phuaŋh B 2 25
2357 poor *ʃhah B 94 1
2546 poor *raih B 85 9
2432 fall, autumn *tshoŋh B 46 26
1528 蚯蚓 earthworm *dai A 15 9
4368 maggot *l̥hok D 80 60
4369 驱逐 drive out, expel *khat D 18 42
4627 驱逐 drive out, expel *găt D 19 57
1529 get, fetch *ʒu A 95 4
4439 取出 withdraw, take out *thŭt D 14 49
1530 (媳妇) marry (a woman) *ʒu A 95 4
1734 go, leave *ghe A 20 5
3523 go, leave *laʔ C 77 1
4370 fist *tshop D 46 34
3212 () be complete *kumʔ C 17 15
4542 () go, complete *dʒop D 43 34
4212 蜷缩 huddle, curl up *kŏp D 17 35
1531 痊愈 (would) have healed *gai A 19 9
2358 痊愈 fully recover (from an illness) *khah B 18 1
2433 () chip (the rim) *khaŋh B 18 24
3524 () chip (the rim) *baiʔ C 3 9
4440 () chip (the rim) *qhăk D 30 57
1826 ()() flock (of sheep) *dʒhom A 44 14
2217 裙子 skirl *taŋh B 13 24
4735 燃烧 to burn *bhrak D 12 56
2359 dye *tʃhoh B 42 3
3413 dye *xhoŋʔ C 98 26
2547 shout, yell *dʒah B 43 1
1358 hot *tsha A 46 1
1438 hot *l̥huŋ A 80 27
1532 () hot *bu A 3 4
1439 human being *tshaŋ A 46 24
1735 human being *bhlu A 8 4
3711 throw, toss *dhuʔ C 16 4
3414 日子 date *ŋ̥hlenʔ C 72 22
1533 溶化 dissolve *blau A 7 11
1827 溶化 dissolve *ghrin A 28 23
1534 容易 easy *luai A 77 10
1535 () knead (dough) *nai A 61 9
4628 (皮子) knead *zĭk D 91 69
2360 meat *ʃhah B 94 1
3525 乳房 beast *noʔ C 61 3
2740 soft *nhauh B 62 11
3213 soft *n̥amʔ C 63 12
3214 soft *ŋ̥lomʔ C 71 14
4219 soft *n̥ăp D 63 31
4543 soft *ŋlot D 69 46
4136 (尿) piss, pee *tak D 13 56
2218 () scatter (seeds) *sanh B 89 18
2434 () sprinkle, spray *phlanh B 6 18
2548 cheek *bah B 3 1
2361 (洞口) block up, plug *tshuih B 46 8
3313 (洞口) block up, plug *tshoʔ C 46 3
1440 three *shuam A 90 13
2435 three *shomh B 90 14
1122 三脚架 trivet *kra A 25 1
1536 (鞋带)散开 (shoelace) com loose *brue A 11 6
1537 () (meeting) break up, end *bla A 7 1
2219 () sweep *ʃumk B 93 15
4137 () sweep *sik D 89 68
1441 astringent, like unripe persimmons *phan A 2 18
4441 kill *shăt D 90 43
2362 沙子 sand *shaih B 90 9
2639 () to sieve/sift *guanh B 19 19
2220 (太阳) sunbathe *l̥uanh B 79 19
4442 (衣服) dry (clothes) in the sun *l̥hăp D 80 31
1624 hill, mountain *bom A 3 14
2436 山谷 valley *khuŋh B 18 27
4443 山羊 goat *tʃhĭt D 42 55
4220 闪电 to lightning *ȴ̥ăp D 83 31
3314 injure/hurt *r̥haʔ C 88 1
1219 商量 consult, discuss *paŋ A 1 24
3315 商量 consult, discuss *phleʔ C 6 5
4444 (/) upstairs *thăk D 14 57
4736 (/) go upstairs *dhak D 16 56
3107 burn the grass on wasteland *ŋ̥leʔ C 71 5
2811 few, little *nheŋh B 62 28
1538 snake *mrue A 57 6
1625 snake *laŋ A 77 24
1359 舌头 tongue *ȴ̥ha A 84 1
4544 () shoot (an arrow) *bas D 3 70
1123 who *xo A 97 3
1220 who *saŋ A 89 24
1360 who *kha A 18 1
1361 () stretch out (the arm) *tʃhe A 42 5
2221 () stretch out (the arm) *l̥amh B 79 12
3526 () stretch out (the arm) *dʒiʔ C 43 7
3801 伸长 extend, elongate *dʒhanʔ C 44 18
4445 deep *n̥hăk D 64 57
1626 身体 body *guŋ A 19 27
1736 身体 body *ɢhui A 32 8
2549 身体 body *duh B 15 4
2550 神仙 a celestial being *nih B 61 7
1362 什么 what *xha A 98 1
1221 () seep into, permeate *ʔuaŋ A 109 25
2551 (腰子) kidney *ɢoh B 31 3
2640 () uncooked, raw *dʒimh B 43 17
4545 () grow (a boil) *ʒok D 95 60
3527 (孩子) give birth to *braʔ C 11 2
2552 () to rust *dzueh B 47 6
1442 生命 life *qhaŋ A 30 24
4546 生长 grow *ʒok D 95 60
2437 () (to make) x shout(s) *khonh B 18 20
1363 声音 sound *thue A 14 6
4446 声音 sound *shăk D 90 57
2741 牲畜 livestock, domestic animal *dʒheh B 44 5
4737 (太阳)升起 rise, go up *dhak D 16 56
4738 (太阳)升起 rise, go up *dhuak D 16 58
4138 绳子 rope, string *tʃak D 41 56
1737 be left over, remain *dzhe A 48 5
4371 be left over, remain *m̥hrat D 60 42
2438 虱子 louse *ʃhanh/*shan B 94 18
1627 尸体 corpse *mraŋ A 57 24
3528 失落 lose (sthg) *ɢraʔ C 39 1
4447 失落 lose (sthg) *phlŏk D 6 61
1828 湿 wet *dʒhan A 44 18
4139 湿 wet, damp, humid *tʃuk D 41 62
1364 ten *tshai A 46 9
4372 石头 stone *l̥hok D 80 60
4547 石头 stone *glok D 23 60
2364 时候 time *thah B 14 1
1223 使 make, cause *n̥aŋ A 63 24
2365 excrement *qhreh B 38 5
1539 to be *ŋa A 65 1
1738 to be *ŋhui A 66 8
4140 to be *ŋ̥lek D 71 65
4373 to be *ŋ̥huat D 68 44
1224 try, attempt *tʃam A 41 12
1739 士兵 soldier *ghlai A 24 9
4629 士兵 soldier *măk D 49 57
1222 释放 release, set free *n̥aŋ A 63 24
2363 释放 release, set free *phleh B 6 5
1740 柿子 persimmon *bhue A 4 6
1741 收到 receive *ʒhu A 96 4
2812 收割 to harvest/reap *ʒhamh B 96 12
4548 收割 to harvest/reap *rit D 85 54
4630 hand *lăk D 77 57
1365 手指 finger *ŋ̥hlau A 72 11
1742 手指 finger *ŋhli A 70 7
2123 手指 finger *ŋ̥loh B 71 3
4221 手腕 wrist *tsĭk D 45 69
2439 手镯 bracelet *theŋh B 14 28
4374 ()() CL (song) *khat D 18 42
3621 守卫 to guard/defend *dzunʔ C 47 27
3529 () thin *gliʔ C 23 7
4550 () thin *gruak D 27 58
4141 () thin *n̥ik D 63 68
4448 () thin *n̥hăk D 64 57
1628 受惊 be startled, (animals) shy *dan A 15 18
4551 受惊 be startled, (animals) shy *gruk D 27 62
1743 寿命 lifespan *zhi A 92 7
4222 book *prŏk D 9 61
3712 叔叔 uncle (father's younger brother) *bhaʔ C 4 1
4142 () to comb *krak D 25 56
2124 梳子 comb *prah B 9 1
4223 梳子 comb *pĭk D 1 69
2222 lose (a game) *r̥umh B 87 15
2440 蔬菜 vegetable *tshonh B 46 20
2813 蔬菜 vegetable *ɢhaŋh B 32 24
3415 () (rice) be cooked/done *m̥hliŋʔ C 56 29
4549 () (rice) be cooked/done *ŋlak D 69 56
4631 () (rice) be cooked/done *glăk D 23 57
3316 () count (numbers) *xhruiʔ C 106 8
4143 () count (numbers) *ŋ̥ap D 67 30
2553 () rinse (the mouth) *dʒuih B 43 8
4145 () rinse (the mouth) *l̥ak D 79 50
1630 tree *baŋ A 3 24
1829 tree *dzheŋ A 48 28
4144 tree *sas D 89 70
1631 树干 trunk *gam A 19 12
4224 树枝 branch, twig *qăk D 29 57
4375 树枝 branch, twig *khak D 18 56
4632 树枝 branch, twig *lăk D 77 57
1629 () vertical *doŋ A 15 26
3530 (下来) fall/tumble down *ɢraʔ C 39 1
3215 () bolt (the door) *klaŋʔ C 21 24
1366 () tie (a cow), to *phai A 2 9
2125 () tie (a cow), to *tueh B 13 6
1830 ()() pair (of shoes) *dzhum A 48 15
2223 ()() pair (of shoes) *tʃomh B 41 14
3622 ()() pair (of shoes) *dzomʔ C 47 14
1443 frost *ŋ̥han A 68 18
1540 water *gri A 27 7
1632 water *laŋ A 77 24
1744 water *rhre A 86 5
1367 水稻 paddy rice *tʃhe A 42 5
4633 水稻 paddy rice *gŏk D 19 61
2366 水果 fruit *ʃhih B 94 7
1745 水田 paddy fields *mhi A 50 7
2441 水田 paddy fields *thuŋh B 14 27
1444 水獭 otter *phram A 10 12
2641 水桶 bucket *bumh B 3 15
4826 sleep *ʒhuăp D 96 33
4146 suck *tʃop D 41 34
4449 suck *tʃhĭk D 42 69
3317 speak *thaiʔ C 14 9
4552 speak *bek/*bue D 3 64/6
1445 silk *khliŋ A 22 29
4376 () tear up, rip *tʃhuet D 42 52
1368 die *ʃhe A 94 5
1369 four *l̥hi A 80 7
2367 four *l̥heh B 80 5
2554 four *mih B 49 7
2442 松树 pine *thaŋh B 14 24
1446 sour *khliŋ A 22 29
1447 () ear, spike *n̥ham A 64 12
2126 (米粒) (grain) break to pieces *kuaih B 17 10
4553 (米粒) (grain) break to pieces *dʒap D 43 30
2368 grandson *l̥hih B 80 7
2555 grandson *mreh B 57 5
4554 () lock *dʒuak D 43 58
1831 蓑衣 straw or palm-bark rain cape *bhram A 12 12
2814 he *ʒhaŋh B 96 24
2642 step on, trample, stamp *naŋh B 61 24
4634 lift up, carry *ruăk D 85 58
1541 太阳 sun *bue A 3 6
1633 太阳 sun *neŋ A 61 28
1746 太阳 sun *nhe A 62 5
1832 ()() puddle (of mud) *bhom A 4 14
3713 ()() puddle (of mud) *bhuiʔ C 4 8
4147 sputum *klak D 21 56
2643 坛子 earthen jar *ʒamh B 95 12
2556 charcoal *gluh B 23 4
1370 () soup *khlo A 22 3
2644 () soup *ʒeŋh B 95 28
2815 lie down *lheŋh B 78 28
1542 () shed (tears) *ʒue A 95 6
2816 桃子 peach *ghomh B 14
1448 逃走 escape, run away *phaŋ A 2 24
2127 逃走 escape, run away *preh B 9 5
2224 () beg (for food) *toŋh B 13 26
4225 () beg (for food) *m̥ăk D 51 57
1543 藤子 cane, rattan *nuai A 61 10
3531 藤子 cane, rattan *ŋleʔ C 69 5
4148 kick *pik D 1 68
4377 kick *thep D 14 38
1634 梯子 ladder *dzam A 47 12
2645 梯子 ladder *dʒamh B 43 12
1371 hoof *khua A 18 2
2225 hoof *seŋh B 89 28
4635 hoof *băp D 3 31
4378 () shave (the head) *tʃhok D 42 60
4555 () shave (the head) *ɣrok D 107 60
2557 sky *moh B 49 3
3416 () a day's (work) *ŋ̥hlenʔ C 72 22
4450 天黑 get dark *tʃhuăt D 42 45
1635 天亮 (the day) dawn *mlaŋ A 53 24
2369 天亮 (the day) dawn *thih B 14 7
3532 天亮 (the day) dawn *braʔ C 11 1
1372 sweet *khlo A 22 3
4451 lick, lap *ȴ̥hap D 84 31
4636 lick, lap *mrăk D 57 57
4637 () carry (sthg) with a pole on the shoulder *ruăk D 85 59
1373 挑选 choose, pick *shi A 90 7
1449 挑选 choose, pick *khlin A 22 23
1833 ()() CL (river) *lhaŋ A 78 24
1450 ()(绳子) CL (rope) *khreŋ A 26 28
4149 ()(绳子) CL (rope) *tʃak D 41 56
4379 ()(绳子) CL (rope) *khlat D 22 42
3533 to jump *gaʔ C 19 1
1544 () to pulse/beat *due A 15 6
2370 跳舞 to dance *tshoh B 46 3
3534 跳舞 to dance *gaʔ C 19 1
2128 跳蚤 flea *l̥eh B 79 5
2371 to paste/stick/glue *m̥hrah B 60 1
4380 to paste/stick/glue *thap D 14 30
4827 to paste/stick/glue *ŋhlăk D 70 57
1451 iron *ʃham A 94 12
2129 铁锅 large iron wok, pan *ʔoh B 109 3
1374 listen *n̥ha A 64 1
2558 听见 hear *grah B 27 1
2742 停止 stop, cease *nhah B 62 1
2559 copper *gre A 27 5
2226 () a bamboo (tube for blowing on a fire) *pruŋh B 9 27
1545 ache *na A 61 1
4828 () (head) ache *ghŭk D 20 63
2372 steal *qhoh B 30 3
2373 head *ʔhuh B 110 4
2560 head *duh B 15 4
2817 head *ɢhoŋh B 32 26
1452 头发 hair *tsham A 46 12
3535 protruding, raised *buʔ C 3 4
2646 bald, bare *dumh B 15 15
1375 soil, earth *m̥hre A 60 5
2374 soil, earth *tshaih B 46 9
2375 (口水) spit *bhluh B 6 4
4452 (口水) spit *phĭt D 2 55
2818 push, shove *dhunh B 16 21
1834 () thigh *bhuŋ A 4 27
4556 ()退 back up, retreat *dzot D 47 46
2130 ()() (snake) slough off *l̥aih B 79 9
1124 swallow *m̥lo A 55 3
4638 swallow *mlŏk D 53 47
1376 (木头) pull/drag (a log) *ʃha A 94 1
4150 () dislocate (a joint) *l̥ak D 79 56
4381 () take off (clothes) *khrot D 26 46
4382 () take off (clothes) *l̥huet D 80 66
4829 () take off (clothes) *lhĕk D 78 65
4151 (pack animals) carry (loads) *tʃek D 41 64
1453 () fingertip to fingertip outstretched arms *l̥ham A 80 12
2561 dig/scoop out *duh B 15 4
3802 askew, wry, slanting *ʒhunʔ C 96 21
4830 askew, wry, slanting *ʒhăk D 96 57
4557 () outside *nok D 61 60
4639 () curved, crooked, bent *ɢŏk D 31 61
2131 finish, be over *sah B 89 1
3536 玩耍 play, amuse oneself *gaʔ C 19 1
4453 bowl *qhuăk D 30 59
4454 ()() bowl (of cooked rice) *qhuăk D 30 59
3623 晚上 at night, in the evening *mlanʔ C 53 18
4455 晚上 at night, in the evening *tʃhuăt D 42 45
3108 忘记 forget *mliʔ C 55 5
2376 尾巴 tail *m̥hreh B 60 5
3537 () breast-feed, suckle *doʔ C 15 3
4456 stomach *xhĭk D 98 69
1454 () to smell *n̥ham A 64 12
2443 () to smell *n̥hamh B 64 12
1454 蚊子 mosquito *khraŋ A 26 24
1377 ask, question *n̥ha A 64 1
2562 ask, question *mleh B 53 5
4154 () to hold (a pen) *tʃop D 41 34
4152 () (bird's) nest *sok D 89 60
4153 () (bird's) nest *sut D 89 48
4558 蜗牛 snail *bap D 3 30
1747 I *ŋha A 66 1
2377 污垢 dirt, filth *shaih B 90 9
3109 乌龟 tortoise *toʔ C 13 3
2743 five *ŋhah B 66 1
4155 () cover (mouth) *ŋ̥up D 67 36
1125 () inhale *ʃe A 93 5
1378 () inhale *r̥hu A 88 4
2132 (头发) thin (hair) *kraih B 25 9
2563 (头发) thin (hair) *broh B 11 3
1748 () watery/thin (porridge) *ɣhre A 108. 5
4383 () watery/thin (porridge) *ŋ̥hlak D 72 56
4156 膝盖 knee *pot D 1 46
3624 习惯 be accustomed to, have the habit of *manʔ C 49 18
2378 (/) wash, bathe *tʃhih B 42 7
2379 洗澡 have (or take) a bath ; bathe *qhloh B 34 3
1546 喜欢 like, love *gui A 19 8
4831 喜鹊 magpie *dʒhăk D 44 57
1379 (竹竿) thin (in diameter), tiny *tshi A 46 7
4640 be blind *brĕk D 11 65
4739 be blind *dʒhit D 44 54
1126 () downstairs *ʔa A 109 1
3538 (/) go downstairs *glaʔ C 23 1
4641 (/) go downstairs *zăk D 91 57
3319 () lay (eggs) *khraʔ C 26 1
3320 () lay (eggs) *ʔhuʔ C 110 4
1749 () (rain) fall *ɣhrua A 108 2
4156 (猪崽) give birth to (piglets) *ʔup D 109 36
4832 (打几) (to hit) x time(s) *lhăk D 78 57
4457 (桌子)下面 under *ʔhŏk D 110 61
4833 下陷 cave in, sink *nhŭp D 62 37
4740 吓唬 frighten, scare *ghrok D 28 60
1636 salty *ŋam A 65 12
2380 salty *qhah B 30 1
1455 线 thread *khreŋ A 26 28
1547 现在 the present *mui A 49 8
2133 (味道) savory, appetizing *m̥ueh B 51 6
1548 相像 look like, resemble *du A 15 4
3625 相信 believe, trust *dʒeŋʔ C 43 28
2744 (思考) think *dhueh B 16 6
4559 think *mlit D 53 54
2647 想起 recall, remember *bunh B 3 21
1637 loud *mreŋ A 57 28
1456 () elephant *tshaŋ A 46 24
3714 () elephant *ʒhaʔ C 96 1
1457 pare/peel with a knife *khlun A 22 21
1638 () (swelling) subside *ʒum A 95 15
4560 消失 disappear, vanish *blok D 7 60
1549 small *ŋai A 65 9
2564 小孩儿 child *guh B 19 4
4458 小米 millet *tshăt D 46 43
1750 小麦 wheat *ʒha A 96 1
3110 小腿 calf *puʔ C 1 4
1751 laugh, smile *ɣhrai A 108 9
2819 楔子 wedge *dʒhamh B 44 12
4157 shoe *n̥ap D 63 30
2381 blood *shueh B 90 6
4741 write *bhrup/*brŭp D 12 36/37
1225 have diarrhea *ʃum A 93 15
4459 new *ʃhăs D 94 71
3111 心脏 heart *n̥aʔ/*n̥aŋʔ C 63 1/24
4385 心脏 heart *n̥hak D 64 56
2565 辛苦 hard, laborious *muaih B 49 10
2648 辛苦 hard, laborious *mloŋh B 53 26
1836 fishy-smelling *nham A 62 12
2649 fishy-smelling *dʒinh B 43 23
1752 星星 star *ghrai A 28 9
2745 () wake up *nhoh B 62 3
2382 blow (one's nose) *khloh B 22 3
3417 blow (one's nose) *khoŋʔ C 18 26
1380 幸福 blissful *sha A 90 1
3626 幸福 blissful *ŋonʔ C 65 20
1837 () bear *ghuam A 20 13
2383 休息 to rest *n̥hah B 64 1
2384 () embroider *thoh B 14 3
4561 () embroider *bup/*bŭp D 3 36/37
4742 () embroider *ghrop D 28 34
4834 悬崖 cliff *bhrăt D 12 43
1458 旋转 turn (round & round) *l̥heŋ A 80 28
1226 (使)旋转 (cause to) turn *l̥eŋ A 79 28
1550 learn *dzau A 47 11
1838 learn *zhaŋ A 92 24
2746 snow *ɣhuah B 100 2
2385 smoke, fumigate *qhoh B 30 3
1381 寻找 find, look for *r̥ha A 88 1
3321 press, push down *n̥haiʔ C 64 9
4226 press, push down *ŋ̥lĭk D 71 69
4562 press, push down *zik D 91 68
4743 压碎 crush to pieces *dʒhap D 44 30
2747 鸭子 duck *bhaih B 4 9
4158 鸭子 duck *plat D 5 42
4642 鸭子 duck *brăp D 11 31
1753 牙齿 tooth *dʒhue A 44 6
2386 牙齿 tooth *shuah B 90 2
1639 牙龈 gum *ŋlan A 69 18
3216 sprout, shoot *ŋ̥loŋʔ C 71 26
4563 哑巴 a mute *dʒit D 43 54
2387 () smoke *qhoh B 30 3
2388 table salt; salt *tshah B 46 1
3539 () grind/pestle (medicine) *lueʔ C 77 6
4564 眼睛 eye *mrak D 57 56
1640 眼泪 tears *reŋ A 85 28
1754 眼泪 tears *bhri A 12 7
2134 (rice) seeding *l̥ih B 79 7
4460 sheep (general) *tʃhĭt D 42 55
1127 扬场 winnow *l̥e A 79 5
1459 阳光 sunlight; sunshine *tshaŋ A 46 24
1382 () raise (chickens) *xho A 98 3
2135 () raise (chickens) *tsah B 45 1
2566 () raise (chickens) *mueh/*mlueh B 49/53 6
2748 to itch/tickle *ʒhah B 96 1
4565 to itch/tickle *dzik D 47 68
2650 waist *domh B 15 14
4643 waist *dʒŏk D 43 61
1383 摇晃 rock, sway *l̥ha A 80 1
3217 摇晃 rock, sway *ŋ̥luanʔ C 71 19
3418 摇晃 rock, sway *n̥hunʔ C 64 21
2651 to bite *banh B 3 18
4462 to bite *qhŭk D 30 63
4463 to bite *tʃhăt D 42 43
2389 () scoop up (water), ladle out *khuh B 18 4
4461 () scoop up (water), ladle out *qhăt D 30 43
1128 want, need *ŋ̥a A 67 1
1551 want, need *no A 61 3
1552 want, need *ŋlu A 69 4
2390 medicine *tʃheh B 42 5
2391 () wild (boar) *theh B 14 5
2567 () wild (boar) *dauh B 15 11
4464 ()() page *khlăp D 22 31
4386 armpit *tʃhap D 42 30
1640 () a night's (work) *mlen A 53 22
4465 叶子 leaf *phruăk D 10 59
1553 one *da A 15 1
2392 one *tʃhih B 42 7
2749 one *dhah B 16 1
4227 one *tăs D 13 71
4644 一会儿 a while *dzŏp D 47 35
1641 依靠 rely/lean on *lum A 77 15
2568 (出来) overflow, spill *bih B 3 7
3540 () (sky) be cloudy/overcast *dʒoʔ C 43 3
1384 银子 silver *phru A 10 4
1554 银子 silver *ŋue/*ŋun A 65 6/21
2393 () lead (the way) *ʃhueh B 94 6
3541 婴儿 baby *nuʔ C 61 4
1227 win *ʔoŋ A 109 26
2569 win *ɢah B 31 1
1129 迎接 bid sb welcome, greet *tuai A 13 10
1385 迎接 bid sb welcome, greet *thau A 14 11
4566 影子 shadow *rip D 85 40
1642 hard *ɣaŋ A 99 24
4159 hard *qrak D 37 56
4387 hard *qhak D 30 56
1130 拥抱 embrace, hug *pa A 1 1
2652 (使) use, employ, apply *zumh B 91 15
1386 (脂肪) animal oil *tshu A 46 4
1387 (脂肪) animal oil *tshi A 46 7
1555 () have (money) *ba A 3 1
1556 () have (money) *dʒa A 43 1
1756 () have (money) *dʒho A 44 3
2750 () have (money) *bhah B 4 1
3542 () have (money) *ɣaʔ C 99 1
1557 () there are (people) *ŋli A 69 7
1643 () there are (people) *dʒaŋ A 43 24
1558 ()() there is (water in the bowl) *ba A 3 1
4744 (山上)() there are (trees on the mountain) *dʒhak D 44 56
4745 (事情) have *dʒak D 44 56
1757 () right *ʒha A 96 1
2394 fish *ŋ̥hah B 68 1
2653 愚蠢 stupid, foolish, silly *dzaŋh B 47 24
1758 rain *ɣhrua A 108 2
2654 芋头 taro, sweet potato *brumh B 11 15
1388 玉米 maize, corn *ʃha A 94 1
1759 遇见 meet, come across *dzhi A 48 7
4228 () yuan (= Chinese dollar) *krăp D 25 31
3628 circle, circular *leŋʔ C 77 28
1460 园子 garden (phot) *khram A 26 12
2395 far, distant *ʔhueh B 110 6
3322 () month *l̥haʔ C 80 1
3323 月亮 moon *l̥haʔ C 80 1
3715 () feel dizzy/giddy *mhuʔ C 50 4
1760 () to plant (tress) *dhue A 16 6
2396 () to plant (tress) *ʃhah B 94 1
1559 () to be (in the house) *nai A 61 9
1560 () to be (in the house) *ŋli A 69 7
1644 () to be (in the house) *dʒaŋ A 43 24
2227 to chisel, to bore (a hole) *kloŋh B 21 26
2444 to chisel, to bore (a hole) *thuaŋh B 14 25
4388 to chisel, to bore (a hole) *thok/*thăk 14 60/57
4835 early *nhăk D 62 57
2397 () stick into, stab *thoh B 14 3
4466 渣滓 dregs, sediment *phăt D 2 43
4160 () blink, wink *m̥rit D 59 54
4389 () blink, wink *tshik D 46 68
4567 () blink, wink *lap D 77 30
1389 () thumb to out-stretched middle finger *thua A 14 2
1839 蚱蜢 grasshopper *bhoŋ A 4 26
4390 () pluck (flowers) *tshot/*tshŏt D 46 46/47
4229 cramped, narrow *klăp D 21 31
4230 cramped, narrow *ŋ̥lăp D 71 31
2570 () stick down (an envelope) *mloh B 53 3
4746 () stick down (an envelope) *dhap D 16 30
4836 () stick down (an envelope) *ŋhlăk D 70 57
4837 () stand *rhăp D 86 31
3716 () open (the mouth) *ŋhaʔ C 66 1
4467 ()() sheet (of paper) *khlăp D 22 31
3543 river deer *laʔ C 77 1
2751 长大 grow up *ghruih B 28 8
2228 (肚子) (the stomach) feel bloated *taŋh B 13 24
2398 (肚子) (the stomach) feel bloated *phuh B 2 4
1645 丈夫 husband *laŋ A 77 24
4645 () catch (fire), be (on fire) *dăp D 15 31
2655 (蜂子) (wasps) sting *duanh B 15 19
4161 (蜂子) (wasps) sting *pat D 1 42
1561 遮蔽 cover, hide from view *ga A 19 1
2399 遮蔽 cover, hide from view *khah B 18 1
2445 遮蔽 cover, hide from view *phumh B 2 15
1131 this *xlai A 101 9
4838 needle *ɣhăp D 100 31
2820 枕头 pillow *ɢhumh B 32 15
3324 枕头 pillow *khuʔ C 18 4
3629 震动 shake, quake *nunʔ C 61 21
2656 steam *boŋh B 3 26
4231 steam *pŏk D 1 61
1461 蒸笼 bamboo food steamer *khluŋ A 22 27
2657 蒸笼 bamboo food steamer *buŋh B 3 27
4468 蒸气 vapor *shăk D 90 57
3544 争夺 fight/vie for *luʔ C 77 4
4162 争夺 fight/vie for *l̥ut D 79 48
3218 (不歪) straight, upright *teŋʔ C 13 28
4646 weave, knit *ɣrăk D 107 57
4391 ()() CL (pen) *khat D 18 42
1646 ()() CL (chicken) *maŋ A 49 24
2571 ()() CL (chichen) *duh B 15 4
23100 ()() (a single) CL (shoe) *theh B 14 5
4747 ()() (a single) CL (shoe) *bhak D 4 56
2229 芝麻 sesame *n̥amh B 63 12
2658 蜘蛛 spider *gaŋh B 19 24
2752 (棍子) straight *dʒhoh B 44 3
2821 (棍子) straight *dhanh B 16 18
1761 侄子 nephew (brother's son) *dhu A 16 4
2136 ()() the width of a finger *ŋ̥loh B 71 3
2230 () point at/to/out *tunh B 13 21
2446 指甲 nail *sheŋh B 90 28
23101 (野鸡) pheasant *ʃhuh B 94 4
4748 (野鸡) pheasant *rhas D 86 70
1132 中间 middle *ka A 17 1
1840 中间 middle *ɢhuŋ A 32 27
1841 (tissue) swell *rhuŋ A 86 27
2822 (tissue) swell *rhamh B 86 12
4469 (tissue) swell *phuăp D 2 33
2572 种子 seed *mloh B 53 3
2753 种子 seed *ʒhuih B 96 8
1762 (麦子) plant/raise (wheat) *dhue A 16 6
23103 (麦子) plant/raise (wheat) *ʃhah B 94 1
3325 (麦子) plant/raise (wheat) *qhlaʔ C 34 1
4163 (麦子) plant/raise (wheat) *sok D 89 60
3630 () have hit (the target) *dzaŋʔ C 47 24
1228 () have shot (the target) *m̥an A 51 18
23102 heavy *l̥haih B 80 9
1647 周围 the surroundings *ʒam A 95 12
1842 ()() the length from the elbow the hand *dhuŋ A 16 27
4647 wrinkled creased *dʒŭk D 43 63
4648 pig *buăk D 3 57
1562 猪食 pig feed, pigwash *dza A 47 1
4470 竹笋 bamboo shoots *m̥hlăs D 56 71
1133 竹子 bamboo *m̥a A 51 1
23104 竹子 bamboo *xhuah B 98 2
4232 cook, boil *klăk D 21 57
4392 (拐棍) use or lean on (a walking stick) *thok D 14 60
1462 主人 host *r̥haŋ A 88 24
1563 (在这里) live, reside, stay *ŋli A 69 7
1648 live, reside, stay *dʒaŋ A 43 24
4471 live, reside, stay *ʃhăk D 94 57
1649 柱子 pillar, column *dzeŋ A 47 28
1650 柱子 pillar, column *zeŋ A 91 28
4164 grab, seize, catch *krak D 25 56
1390 claw, talon *khre A 26 5
2447 claw, talon *shanh B 90 18
4165 () turn around *l̥ik D 79 68
3326 转弯 turn (a corner) *khueʔ C 18 6
4393 () put into (a container, pack) *khat D 18 42
4394 () chase after *khat D 18 42
4649 () chase after *ɢăk D 31 57
2659 锥子 awl *donh B 15 20
3219 (打得) (to hit sthg) on the target *teŋʔ C 13 28
1564 () catch, capture *ʒu A 95 4
4395 () catch, capture *tʃhop D 42 34
23105 ()() (chicken) peck at (rice) *thueh B 14 6
4396 ()() (chicken) peck at (rice) *thok D 14 60
2754 walk *zhuah B 92 2
1763 祖父 grandfather *bhua A 4 2
2755 祖父 grandfather *bhoh B 4 3
13106 祖母 grandmother *phih B 2 7
1764 祖宗 ancestors, forebears *bhi A 4 7
1843 祖宗 ancestors, forebears *bhaŋ A 4 24
2756 祖宗 ancestors, forebears *bhoh B 4 3
2757 祖宗 ancestors, forebears *bhuah B 4 2
1229 (进洞) bore/drill (a hole) *ʔuaŋ A 109 25
2448 (进洞) bore/drill (a hole) *khruŋh B 26 27
4472 (进洞) bore/drill (a hole) *l̥huĕk D 80 67
2231 (用钻子) to drill *toŋ B 13 26
4166 mouth *ŋ̥luat D 71 44
4397 嘴唇 lip *qhok D 30 60
1391 most *qha A 30 1
4839 be drunk *ʒhĕt D 96 51
23107 () left *phuaih B 2 10
1766 () do, make *mhu A 50 4
4398 () do, make *khot D 18 46
4568 () do, make *lop D 77 34
4399 做梦 to dream *m̥hak D 52 56
1765 sit down *ŋhli A 70 7
1844 sit down *dzhoŋ A 48 26
1845 ()() CL (bridge) *dzham A 48 12

References

[edit]
  • Li, Yongsui [李永燧]. 2011. Burmo-Yi Phonology [缅彝语音韵学]. Beijing: China Social Sciences Academy Press.
Vocabulary lists of Southeast Asian languages
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