Waeskimo

Wanawake na mtoto wa Kieskimo katika mavazi ya kiutamaduni (1999).

Waeskimo (kwa lugha yao wanaitwa Inuit) ni watu wanaotokana moja kwa moja na waliokuwa wenyeji wa kaskazini mwa Amerika kabla ya bara hilo kufikiwa na Christopher Columbus kutoka Ulaya (1492).

Asili

Ramani ya uenezi wa binadamu duniani

Utafiti uliofanywa kwa muda mrefu na kwa njia mbalimbali umekadiria kwamba mababu wa wakazi asilia wa Amerika walioenea hadi Amerika Kusini wakitokea Asia kaskazini mashariki miaka 14500 KK.

Inadhaniwa kwamba hao mababu waliishi muda mrefu na kuzaliana bila mawasiliano na binadamu wengine, labda katika eneo ambalo leo limefunikwa na maji kwenye mlangobahari wa Bering. Inakadiriwa DNA yao ilitokana na ile ya Waasia mashariki (2/3) na Waeurasia (1/3).

Baada ya kuingia na kusambaa katika bara hilo, lugha na utamaduni vilizidi kutofautiana. Waeskimo walijitofautisha na Waaleuti miaka 4,000 iliyopita. Kutoka Alaska magharibi walienea mashariki kuanzia miaka 1,000 iliyopita.

Hali ya sasa

Idadi yao inaweza kuwa 155,000 wengi wao wakiishi Kanada na Greenland, lakini pia Alaska na Denmark.

Lugha yao ni ya jamii ya lugha za Kieskimo-Kialeuti.

Marejeo

• Alia, Valerie (2009). Names and Nunavut: Culture and Identity in Arctic Canada. Berghahn Books. ISBN 978-1-84545-165-3.
• Billson, Janet Mancini; Mancini, Kyra (2007). Inuit Women: Their Powerful Spirit in a Century of Change. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-3597-8.
• Hessel, Ingo (2006). Arctic Spirit: Inuit Art from the Albrecht Collection at the Heard Museum. Heard Museum. ISBN 978-1-55365-189-5.
• Leenaars, Antoon A.; Wenckstern, Susanne; Sakinofsky, Isaac; na wenz., whr. (1998). Suicide in Canada. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-7791-2.
• Mitchell, Marybelle (1996). From Talking Chiefs to a Native Corporate Elite: The Birth of Class and Nationalism among Canadian Inuit. McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 978-0-7735-6580-7.
• Ohokak, Gwen; Kadlun, Margo; Harnum, Betty. Inuinnaqtun to English Dictionary (PDF). Kitikmeot Heritage Society. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka (PDF) kutoka chanzo mnamo 2012-09-04.
• Sturtevant, William C., mhr. (1984). Handbook of North American Indians. Juz. la 5 (Arctic). Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 978-0-16-004580-6.

Marejeo mengine

Further information: Bibliography of Canadian Aboriginals

• Briggs, Jean L. (1970). Never in Anger: Portrait of an Eskimo Family. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-60828-3.
• "Collections: Inuit". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/collection/inuit-peoples.
• Crandall, Richard C. (2000). Inuit Art: A History. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-0711-8.
• Eber, Dorothy (1997). Images of Justice: A Legal History of the Northwest Territories and Yellowknife. McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 978-0-7735-1675-5.
• Eber, Dorothy (2008). Encounters on the Passage: Inuit meet the explorers. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-4426-8798-1.
• Forman, Werner; Burch, Ernest S. (1988). The Eskimos. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-2126-0.
• Fossett, Renée (2001). In Order to Live Untroubled: Inuit of the Central Artic 1550 to 1940. University of Manitoba Press. ISBN 978-0-88755-328-8.
• Freeman, Milton M. R. (24 October 2017). "Arctic Indigenous Peoples in Canada". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-people-arctic.
• Freeman, Minnie Aodla (24 September 2020). "Inuit". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/inuit.
• Hauser, Michael; Holtved, Erik; Jensen, Bent (2010). Traditional Inuit songs from the Thule area. Juz. la 2. Museum Tusculanum Press. ISBN 978-87-635-2589-3.
• Hund, Andrew (2012). Inuit. Sage Publications, Inc. ISBN 978-1412992619.
• Kulchyski, Peter Keith; Tester, Frank J. (2007). Kiumajut (talking Back): Game Management and Inuit Rights, 1900–70. UBC Press. ISBN 978-0-7748-1241-2.
• King, J. C. H.; Pauksztat, Birgit; Storrie, Robert (2005). Arctic Clothing of North America – Alaska, Canada, Greenland. McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 978-0-7735-3008-9.
• McGrath, Melanie (2006). The Long Exile: A Tale of Inuit Betrayal and Survival in the High Arctic. Knopf Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-307-53786-7. Also at Kigezo:Internet Archive
• "Inuit Odyssey: History of the Thule Migration". The Nature of Things (CBC). 12 February 2009. https://www.cbc.ca/natureofthings/episodes/inuit-odyssey/history.html. Season 48.
• Paver, Michelle (2008). Chronicles of Ancient Darkness: Wolf Brother; Spirit Walker; Soul Eater. Issues 1–3 of Chronicles of ancient darkness. Orion Children's. ISBN 978-1-84255-705-1.
• Poncins, Gontran De; Galantiere, Lewis (1996) [1941]. Kabloona: Among the Inuit. Graywolf Press. ISBN 978-1-55597-249-3.
• Sowa, Frank (2014). "Inuit". Katika Andrew J. Hund (mhr.). Antarctica and the Arctic Circle: A Geographic Encyclopedia of the Earth's Polar Regions. Juz. la 1: A–I. ABC-CLIO. ku. 390–395. ISBN 978-1-61069-393-6.
• Stern, Pamela R.; Stevenson, Lisa (2006). Critical Inuit studies: an anthology of contemporary Arctic ethnography. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-4303-3.
• Steckley, John (2008). White Lies about the Inuit. Broadview Press. ISBN 978-1-55111-875-8.
• Stern, Pamela R. (2004). Historical Dictionary of the Inuit. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-5058-3.
• Walk, Ansgar (1999). Kenojuak: The Life Story of an Inuit Artist. Manotick, Ontario: Penumbra Press. ISBN 978-0-921254-95-9.

Viungo vya nje

• Inuit Circumpolar Council
• Inuit Circumpolar Council Greenland Archived 25 Juni 2022 at the Wayback Machine.
• Inuit Circumpolar Council Alaska
• National Inuit Organization in Canada

Makala hii kuhusu mambo ya utamaduni bado ni mbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Waeskimo kama historia yake au mahusiano yake na mada nyingine? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari.