FOURIER SERIES
CASTILLANO, LECIL C.
FERRER, JASMIN V.
TAYAB, HONORATO DARIEL L.
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the presentations, students will be able to:
Recall the definition of Fourier Series
List the different types of Fourier Series
and differentiate the properties of Fourier Series
INTRODUCTION:
To analyze a complex periodic wave, it is necessary to use a mathematical series developed in 1826 by
the French physicist and mathematician Baron Jean Fourier. This series is approximately called the
Fourier series.
As a matter of fact, sine waves and cosine waves are the basic building functions for any periodic signal.
That means any periodic signal basically consists of sine waves having different amplitudes of different
frequencies and having different relative phase shifts. Fourier series represents a periodic waveform in
the form of a sum of an infinite number of sine and cosine terms. It is a representation of the signal in a
time domain series form. The Fourier series is a tool used to analyze any periodic signal. After the
analysis, we obtain the following information about the signal:
i. What all frequency components are present in the signal?
ii. Their amplitudes
iii. Their relative phase difference between these frequency components.
FOURIER SERIES
Fourier series represents a periodic waveformin the
form of sum of inifinite number of sine and cosine
terms. It is a representation of the signal in a time domain
series form. Fourier series is a tool used to analyze any
periodic signal.
TYPES OF FOURIER SERIES
:
TRIGONOMETRIC FOURIER
SERIES
POLAR FOURIER SERIES
EXPONENTIAL FOURIER SERIES
REPRESENTATION OF FOURIER SERIES:
TRIGONOMETRIC FOURIER SERIES
A periodic function x(t) may be expressed in the form of trigonometric
Fourier series comprising the following sine and cosine terms:
+
• Fourier Series Representation of a Periodic Function over the Entire
Interval (
In last article we considered Fourier series representations of a periodic
function over one period (A periodic function repeats after a particular
period T. Hence Fourier series for a periodic signal is same for entire
interval ( ) as for the interval (
• SymmetryConditions (Few Points)
(i) If the function x(t) is even, then (x-t)
= x(t), cos , , sin are example of even
functions. Figure 3.6 shows the even
functions of . The graph of an even
functions is symmetrical with respect to
the y-axis and in Fourier series
representation of an even function, only
cosine terms are present (d.c. term is
optional). Mathematically, if x(t) is even
then,
(ii) If the function x(t) is odd, then
x(-t) = -x(t). Infact, sin , , cos are
examples of odd function. The graph
of an odd function is symmetrical
about the origin and in Fourier series
representation of an odd function,y
sine terms are present (d.c. term is
optional). Mathematically, if x(t) is
odd.
then,
POLAR FOURIER SERIES REPRESENTATION
The polar Fourier series is the modified form of the trigonemtric fourier series.
Fourier Series may be derived from trigonemetric Fourier series as follows:
Trigonometric Fourier series is given as
or
COMPLEX FOURIER EXPONENTIAL SERIES
The exponential form of Fourier Series is simpler and more compact and
hence this is most widely used in signal analysis.
A periodic function x(t) is represented by the complex exponential fourier series as a linear
combination of complex exponential functions of frequency 0, ...
CONVERSION OF TRIGONOMETRIC FOURIER
SERIES INTO COMPLEX EXPONENTIAL
FOURIER SERIES
With the help of trigonemtric Fourier Series, we can find the complex
exponential Fourier series as follow:
CONVERSION OF COMPLEX EXPONENTIAL
FOURIER SERIES INTO TRIGONMETRIC
FOURIER SERIES
With the help of complex exponential Fourier Series, we can find the
trigonometric Fourier Series as follow:
PROPERTIES OF FOURIER
SERIES:
LINERITY
TIME SHIFTING
TIME REVERSAL
TIME SCALING
MULTIPLICATION
CONJUGATION AND CONJUGATE SYMMETRY
PARSEVAL’S RELATION
LINEARITY
Let x(t) and y(t) denote two periodic signals a period Let their Fourier
coeffecients be doneted by and respectively.
TIME SHIFTING
Let x(t) be a periodic signal with a period and Fourier coefficients
TIME REVERSAL
The meaning of time reversal is that, the time reversal applied to C.T.
signal results in the time reversal of the corresponding sequence of the Fourier
series coefficients. If x(t) is even, then the Fourier series coefficients will also
be even. This means that x(t)= x(-t), then Similarly if x(t) is odd, then will also be
odd. This means that if x(t)= x(-t) then
TIME SCALING
Let x(t) is the original signal having a time period of and a fundamental
frequency of . Then, represents its time scaled version. Here, is a positive real
number. The time scaled signal is periodic with a time period / and with
fundamental frequency of The Fourier series of =
MULTIPLICATION
Let x(t) and y(t) both be periodic witha periodic and let and represent their Fourier series
coefficients repectively.
Therefore,
and
CONJUGATION AND CONJUGATE SYMMETRY
This property states that
if
then
PARSEVAL’S RELATION FOR CONTINOUS-
TIME PERIODIC SIGNALS
These theorem relates the average power P of a periodic signal to its Fourier
series. The Parseval’s theorem states that the total average power of a periodic
signal x(t) is equal to the sum of the average powers of the individual fourier
coefficients, i.e., .
Therefore, average power of x(t) = (power of power of
EXERCISE...
1.) It states that the linear combination of inputs gets
transformed into linear combination of their Fourier
transforms.
a) Fourier Series
b) Time Reversal
c) Linearity
d) Multiplication
Answer: Linearity
2.) It is a tool used to analyze any periodic signal.
a)Fourier Series
b)Time Reversal
c)Time Scaling
d)Multiplication
Answer: Fourier Series
3.) A function in which the graph irical with the respect to
the y-axis.
a) Even Function
b) Periodic Function
c) Odd Function
d) Linearity
Answer: Even Function
4.) A function which the graph is symmetrical about the
origin and only sine terms are present in this function.
a) Even Function
b) Periodic Function
c) Odd Function
d) Linearity
Answer: Odd Function
5.) It states that the time compression of a signal results in its
spectral expansion and time expansion of the signal results in its
spectral expression.
a) Fourier Series
b) Time Reversal
c) Time Scaling
d) Linearity
Answer: Time Scaling
6.) Give the 3 types of Fourier Series.
Answer: Trigonometric Fourier Series
Polar Fourier Series
Exponential Fourier Series
7.) Give the 7 properties of Fourier Series.
Answer: Linearity Time Shifting
Time Reversal Time Scaling
Multiplication Conjugation and Conjugate Symmetry
Parseval’s Relation
