Python Operators
• Operators are used to perform operations on variables
and values
• Arithmetic operators
• Assignment operators
• Comparison operators
• Logical operators
• Identity operators
• Membership operators
• Bitwise operators
Arithmetic Operators
•+ Addition x+y
•- Subtraction x - y
•* Multiplication x*y
•/ Division x/y
•% Modulus x%y
• ** Exponentiation x ** y
• // Floor division x // y
• x=5
• y=3
• print(x + y)
• print(x -y)
• print(x * y)
• print(x / y)
• print(x ** y)
• print(x // y)
• print(x % y)
• x = 5.5
• y=3
• print(x + y)
• print(x -y)
• print(x * y)
• print(x / y)
• print(x ** y)
• print(x // y)
• print(x % y)
Python Assignment Operators
•= x=5 x=5 print(x)
• += x += 3 x = x + 3 print(x)
• -= x -= 3 x = x - 3 print(x)
• *= x *= 3 x = x * 3 print(x)
Python Comparison Operators
== Equal
x=5
y=3
print(x == y)
!= Not equal
x=5
y=3
print(x != y)
•> Greater than
•< Less than
• >= Greater than or equal to
• x=5
• y=3
• print(x >= y)
• <= Less than or equal to
Python Logical Operators
• and Returns True if both statements are true x < 5 and x < 10
• or Returns True if one of the statements is true x < 5 or x < 4
• not Reverse the result, returns False if the result is true not(x
< 5 and x < 10)
• x = 15
• print(x > 3 and x < 10)
• x = 50
• print(not(x > 3 and x < 100))
Identity operators
• They are used to compare the objects, not if they are
equal, but if they are actually the same object, with the
same memory location:
• is Returns True if both variables are the same object
• x is y
• is not Returns True if both variables are not the same
object
• x is not y
x = ["apple", "banana"]
y = ["apple", "banana"]
z=x
print(x is z)
# returns True because z is the same object as x
print(x is y)
# returns False because x is not the same object as y, even if they have the same
content
print(x == y)
# to demonstrate the difference between "is" and "==": this comparison returns True
because x is equal to y
Python Membership Operators
• Membership operators are used to test if a sequence is
presented in an object:
•
in
• Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is present in the object
• x in y
• not in
• Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is not present in the
object
• x not in y
• x = ["apple", "banana"]
• print("banana" in x)
Bitwise Operators
& AND Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1 x&y
a=2
b=3
print(a & b)
| OR Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1 x|y
a=2
b=3
print(a | b)
^ XOR Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1 x ^ y
a=2
b=3
print(a ^ b)
~ NOT Inverts all the bits ~x
x=3
print(~x)
<< Zero fill left shift Shift left by pushing zeros in from the right
and let the leftmost bits fall off x << 2
print(x << 2)
>> Signed right shift Shift right by pushing copies of the leftmost
bit in from the left, and let the rightmost bits fall off x >> 2
print(x >> 2)
Operator Precedence
1. () Parentheses
2. ** Exponentiation
3. +x -x ~x Unary plus, unary minus, and bitwise NOT
4. * / // % Multiplication, division, floor division, and modulus
5. + - Addition and subtraction
6. << >> Bitwise left and right shifts
7. & Bitwise AND
8. ^ Bitwise XOR
9. | Bitwise OR
10. == != > >= < <= is is not in not in Comparisons, identity, and membership operators
11. not Logical NOT
12. and AND
13. or OR
# 1 has highest precedence
